中医药学实验课程的重构

实验课是培养学生操作能力、提高教学质量的一个主要手段。以培养学生动手能力和创新能力为目的，增加综合性实验、设计性实验和创新性实验为原则，对实验课程进行了重构，以期达到实验课程相对独立，且能涵盖多门相关课，节省实验资源，减少重复课时的目的。     

护生短时简化正念训练应用的研究进展

对正念、短时简化正念训练的定义、形式和时长、应用效果进行综述，总结短时简化正念训练在缓解护生负性情绪、优化护生生理功能和促进护生临床能力培养等方面所具有的积极作用，提出短时简化正念训练的优势与不足，旨在为其在护理教育中的应用和推广提供参考。     

Environmental DNA: An Emerging Tool in Ecological Assessment

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Environmental DNA (eDNA), as a recent research hotspot in environmental science, the use of eDNA in biological monitoring has the advantages...     

股骨远端锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨对侧股骨远端锁定钢板治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折的方法和效果.方法 自2004年6月～2008年1月,选用对侧股骨远端锁定钢板翻转应用于股骨粗隆周围骨折144例.其中,股骨粗隆间骨折104例,按AO分型:A1型24例,A2型48例,A3型32例;股骨粗隆下骨折加例,按Seinsheimer分类法:Ⅱ型10例,Ⅲ型14例,Ⅳ型8例,V型8例.结果 随访5～20个月,平均14个月.伤口一期愈合140例,浅表感染4例,经换药于术后2～6周均愈合.平均切口长度6.42 cm,平均手术时间57.34min,平均出血量212.39 ml.骨折平均愈合期:股骨粗隆间骨折为8～12周,粗隆下骨折为12～16周,骨折愈合率100%;无钢板松动、断裂及骨折再移位.功能评定:按髋关节功能评分(Harris评分),平均96分.结论 锁定钢板的钉-板角度稳定性强,有效减少了传统髓外内固定把持力不足、松动以致内固定失败等并发症的发生;对侧股骨远端锁定钢板翻转应用后可用的锁定螺钉可达5～7枚以上,且可穿出股骨距皮质经股骨粗隆部最坚强的股骨距部固定,操作更简单,固定更牢固,手术时间缩短,出血少;对股骨头的血运无明显破坏,同时无需显露更多的软组织,能有效保护骨折端的血运,更符合微创内固定原则,是治疗股骨粗隆周围骨折较理想的髓外内固定方法.     

两孔动力髋螺钉微创内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的评价两孔动力髋螺钉（DHS）微创内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾分析48例股骨颈骨折在C型臂X线机透视下闭合复位，采用微创手术入路经皮两孔DHS微创内固定治疗，评价其疗效。结果切口长度平均为3．0cm，出血量平均为41．5ml，手术时间平均为25min。46例骨折愈合，2例骨折不愈合，愈合率为95．8％。3例出现股骨头缺血坏死（其中骨折不愈合2例，骨折愈合后发生1例）。结论应用经皮微创两孔DHS内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折，手术简便快速，创伤少，固定牢固，是治疗股骨颈骨折理想的微创治疗技术。     

汶川地震灾区中学生心理健康状况趋势分析

目的：了解＂5.12＂汶川大地震后灾区中学生的心理健康状况及时间变化趋势,为心理干预提供依据。方法：整群抽取地震后在成都异地复课的汶川县3所中学的学生,采用SCL-90自填式量表分别于震后4个月、7个月和10个月对其进行心理健康测评。结果：3次调查结果显示SCL-90总分及各因子得分均呈下降趋势（P〈0.01）。与中国青年常模比较,在地震后的3个阶段几乎均高于中国青年常模平均水平。结论：汶川地震灾区中学生的心理健康状况不容乐观,有必要采取长期持续且有针对性的心理干预。     

Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Fusion Protein Containing PsaA and PspA Fragments

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen accounting for a large number of deaths worldwide. Due to drawbacks of the current polysaccharide-based vaccine, the most promising way to generate an improved vaccine may be to utilize protection-eliciting pneumococcal proteins. Pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) are two vaccine candidates which have been evaluated against S. pneumoniae infection in animal models or human clinical trials with encouraging results. In this study, the efficacy of the fusion protein PsaA–PspA, which includes PsaA part and PspA part, in inducing immunoprotective effects against fatal pneumococcal challenge was evaluated in an animal model. PspA part of PsaA–PspA fusion protein contains both family1 N-terminal region and family 2 N-terminal clade-defining region of PspA. Immunization with the PsaA–PspA fusion protein induced high levels of antibodies against both PsaA and PspA, which could bind to intact S. pneumoniae strains bearing different PspAs. Ex vivo stimulation of splenocytes from mice immunized with PsaA–PspA induced IL-17A secretion. Mice immunized with PsaA–PspA showed reduced S. pneumoniae levels in the blood and lungs compared with the PBS group after intranasal infection. Finally, mice immunized with PsaA–PspA fusion proteins were protected against fatal challenge with pneumococcal strains expressing different PspAs regardless of the challenge route. These results support the PsaA–PspA fusion protein as a promising vaccine strategy, as demonstrated by its ability to enhance the immune response and stimulate production of high titer antibodies against S. pneumoniae strains bearing heterologous PspAs, as well as confer protection against fatal challenge with PspA family 1 and family 2 strains.     

Intraocular lens power calculation after radical keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy: A case report

Rationale:To report a rare case of calculating the IOL power in a cataract patient who underwent both radial keratotomy (RK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).Patient concerns:A 48-year-old woman underwent bilateral RK at age 22 and bilateral PRK at age 46. She developed bilateral corneal haze and corneal endothelial inflammation and received steroids therapy for long time after PRK. Then she was referred to our hospital due to decreased vision in the both eyes.Diagnoses:The patient was diagnosed with binocular complicated cataract, corneal haze, high myopia and post corneal refractive surgery (RK and PRK).Interventions:The patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification. The IOL power was calculated using SRK/T formula for RK and Haigis-L formula for PRK, respectively. We finally selected the Haigis-L formula and the intraocular lens (SN60WF) was implanted within the capsular bag.Outcomes:After the surgery, both eyes showed myopia drift, and the right eye continuously fluctuated in refractive results. However, by nearly 1 year later, refractive results in both eyes had stabilized, and no other complications had occurred.Lessons:IOL power in patients who undergo both RK and PRK can be reliably calculated using the Shammas-PL, Average of multiple formulas, or Barret True-K No History formulas. Haigis-L formula is not suitable. Such patients require at least three months after surgery to attain refractive stability in both eyes.