Priorities for content for a short-course on postoperative care relevant for low- and middle-income countries: an e-Delphi process with training facilitators

Most surgical and anaesthetic mortality and morbidity occurs postoperatively, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Various short courses have been developed to improve patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, but none specifically to address postoperative care and complications. We aimed to identify key features of a proposed short-course addressing this topic using a Delphi process with low- and middle-income country anaesthesia providers trained as short-course facilitators. An initial questionnaire was co-developed from literature review and exploratory workshops to include 108 potential course features. Features included content; teaching method; appropriate participants; and appropriate faculty. Over three Delphi rounds (panellists numbered 86, 64 and 35 in successive cycles), panellists indicated which features they considered most important. Responses were analysed by geographical regions: Africa, the Americas, south-east Asia and Western Pacific. Ultimately, panellists identified 60, 40 and 54 core features for the proposed course in each region, respectively. There were high levels of consensus within regions on what constituted core course content, but not between regions. All panellists preferred the small group workshop teaching method irrespective of region. All regions considered anaesthetists to be key facilitators, while all agreed that both anaesthetists and operating theatre nurses were key participants. The African and Americas regional panels recommended more multidisciplinary healthcare professionals for participant roles. Faculty from high-income countries were not considered high priority. Our study highlights variability between geographical regions as to which course features were perceived as most locally relevant, supporting regional adaptation of short-course design rather than a one-size-fits-all model.     

New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand

The specialty of emergency medicine in Australasia is coming of age. As part of this maturation there is a need for high‐quality evidence to inform practice. This article describes the development of the New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network, a collaboration of committed emergency care researchers who share the vision that New Zealand/Aotearoa will have a world‐leading, patient‐centred emergency care research network, which will improve emergency care for all, so that people coming to any ED in the country will have access to the same world‐class emergency care.     

试论加强国际合作与促进我国医学伦理学教育的发展

原北京医科大学(现为北京大学医学部)从20世纪90年代初开始,积极寻求与美国中华医学基金会的合作以促进医学伦理学的学科发展和国际化水平的提高。十几年来,北京大学医学部作为基地和依托极大地支持和引领了我国医学伦理学的教学改革与发展,增强了相关人员的医学伦理意识以及医学伦理学理论对实践的指导作用,促进了伦理学知识和能力的培训,提升了我国生物医学科研伦理的实力,奠定了医学伦理学继续教育的基础,使医学伦理学实现了系统性和跨越式的发展。     

高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查价值

目的：探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）对颞部疾病的检查价值。方法：对43例颞部疾病患者行常规CT和高分辨率CT（HRCT）检查所获图像对比分析，并讨论HRCT的检查技术和图像后处理。结果：HRCT对病变的显示率及病变引起骨质破坏的程度，病变边缘，轮廓的显示均明显优于常规CT，尤其能清楚显示常规CT难以显示的中耳及内耳的细微结构，结论：高分辨率CT是颞部疾病的首选检查方法，使用高分辨率CT对颞部疾病的检查给临床提供更多，更准确的诊断信息。     

艾滋病142例临床表现分析

目的艾滋病(AIDS),是严重危害人类健康的疾病,临床上症状多变,应提高对AIDS的认识。现将作者在西非工作期间收治的142例AIDS病例的临床表现作一介绍。方法病例均为当地黑人居民,男性89例,女性53例,年龄14～45岁,平均年龄27.65岁。用酶联免疫吸附法和快速法检测患者血清中HIV—1和 HIV—2抗体。结果 HIV—1型25例(35.00％);HIV-2型74例(52.11％);混合型32例(22.53％)。临床表现为脑膜脑炎或脑炎7例(4.93％);肺型27例(19.01％);胃肠道感染84例(59.15％):包括急性48例(33.80％),慢性24例(16.90％),急腹症12例(8.45％);皮肤粘膜损害18例(12.68％):卡波齐肉瘤6例(4.23％),带状疱疹2例(1.41％),皮炎10例(7.04％),病死率19.72％(28/142)。其传播途径以性传播为主,高达78.87％(112/142),其次是密切生活接触,未发现吸毒或输血者。结论艾滋病病死率高,病情复杂,且目前尚无特效药物,必须引起医护人员高度重视。     

HPLC法测定小柴胡颗粒剂中黄芩苷的含量

目的 :建立小柴胡颗粒剂中黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方法 :采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱 :Inertsil ODS- 3(5 μm,4 .6× 2 5 0 mm)柱 ;流动相 :甲醇 -水 -磷酸 (45∶ 5 5∶ 0 .2 ) ;检测波长 :315 nm。结果 :黄芩苷在 0 .2 4 2 9～ 1.2 14 4 μg/ml范围内呈现良好的线性关系 (r=0 .9999) ,回收率 10 0 .0 % ,RSD=0 .96 %。结论 :本法可用于测定小柴胡颗粒剂中黄芩苷的含量。