3‐Keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates Alleviate Serum‐Oxidative Stress in the High‐fat Diet Induced Obesity in Rats

Obesity has become a leading global health problem owing to its strong association with a high incidence of oxidative stress. Many epidemiologic studies showed that an antioxidant supplementation decreases the state of oxidative stress. In the present work, a HFD ‐induced rat obesity and oxidative stress were used to investigate the link between fat deposition and serum‐oxidative stress markers. We also studied the effect of a chronic administration of 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates 1 (a & b) (40 μg/kg/8 weeks/i.p.). Exposure of rats to HFD during 16 weeks induced fat deposition, weight gain and metabolic disruption characterized by an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and glycemia levels, and a decrease in ionizable calcium and free iron concentrations. HFD also induced serum‐oxidative stress status vocalized by an increase in ROS ( H ₂ O ₂ ), MDA and PC levels, with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity ( CAT , GP x , SOD ). Importantly, 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates corrected all the deleterious effects of HFD treatment in vivo, but it failed to inhibit lipases in vitro and in vivo. These studies suggest that 3‐keto‐1,5‐bisphosphonates 1 could be considered as safe antioxidant agents that should also find other potential biological applications.     

Use of AUDIT-C as a tool to identify hazardous alcohol consumption in admitted trauma patients

Introduction

Alcohol use is an important contributor to injuries. Simple bedside tools to identify trauma patients with potentially harmful drinking may assist in brief intervention efforts in clinical practice. The objective of the study was to determine and compare the accuracy of alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and an abbreviated version of this test, in the detection of hazardous drinking.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of admitted trauma patients at a single Australian major trauma centre. Eligible patients completed the AUDIT. AUDIT survey responses were scored in two ways, using the full form scale and secondly an abbreviated (AUDIT C) scale which uses only the first 3 questions. AUDIT and AUDIT-C scores were then evaluated with respect to the primary study measure; the detection of hazardous alcohol consumption based on a full alcohol consumption history. Sensitivities for each relevant score were calculated and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine test accuracy.

Results

During the study period, 523 trauma admissions were identified and of these 146 (28%) were screened. The optimum cut off scores for AUDIT and AUDIT-C were 8 and 5 respectively corresponding to sensitivities of 88% and 91% and both tests had excellent overall accuracy for the detection of hazardous alcohol consumption. There was no significant difference between AUDIT-C and AUDIT performance (p = 0.395) (AUDIT-C AUROC 0.96 95%CI 0.93, 0.99).

Conclusion

AUDIT-C appears to be a potentially useful screening tool for use trauma centres, but that further research with larger samples is required.     

The increasing burden of pelvic fractures in older people, New South Wales, Australia

Despite their significant health burden, epidemiological information regarding pelvic fractures is scarce. In this study, we examine trends in admission for pelvic fractures to acute hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, between July 1988 and June 2000, using routinely collected hospital separations statistics. Over this period, the number of admissions for pelvic fractures among those aged 50 years and over increased by 58.4% in men and 110.8% in women. Age-specific rates of admissions per 100,000 population for pelvic fracture also rose significantly, particularly for those aged at least 75 years. The number and proportion of transport related pelvic fractures fell significantly for both men (chi(2)=23.82, d.f.=1, p<0.001) and women (chi(2)=49.26, d.f.=1, p<0.001) while those resulting from falls increased significantly over the 12-year-period. Falls are increasingly becoming the single most important cause of pelvic injuries in older people, suggesting that preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of falls need to be pursued. Factors contributing to the rise of fall-related pelvic fractures need to be investigated to inform strategies aimed at reversing the observed increase in the number and age-specific rates of pelvic fractures in older people.     

Work-related injury in NSW hospitalisation and workers' compensation datasets: a comparative analysis

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a comparative analysis of the New South Wales (NSW) Inpatient Statistics Collection (ISC) and Workers' Compensation Scheme Statistics (WCSS) for the 1999/2000 financial year in an attempt to evaluate their respective roles in the surveillance and monitoring of work-related injuries in NSW. METHODS: Work-related injuries in ISC were identified mainly by using the ICD-10 activity code and payment status and were compared with injury-related claims reported in WCSS. RESULTS: In 1990/2000, the majority of hospital separations for work-related injury involved males (86.2%) who came into contact with various objects, including machinery and tools, representing the most common mechanisms of injury, and open wounds and fractures of the upper and lower limbs as the most common injury nature/location. Injuries reported in the WCSS were also dominated by males (70%), with muscular stress while handling objects as the most common mechanism of injury and sprain and strain of the lower back as the leading nature/location of injury. The proportion of workers aged 15-19 years in the WCSS (1.2%) was over five times lower than the proportion of the same age group recorded in the ISC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The analysis indicates that the ISC and WCSS complement each other in characterising the burden of work-related injuries in NSW. Linking compensation and outcomes data, including hospital admissions and emergency presentations, will provide a more comprehensive picture of the nature and the factors contributing to work-related injuries. Such data will inform policy and program development aimed at reducing the burden of this type of injury in the community.     

Analytical strategy for the detection of ecdysterone and its metabolites in vivo in uPA(+/+)-SCID mice with humanized liver,human urine samples,and estimation of prevalence of its use in anti-doping samples

Ecdysteroids are of interest as potential sport performance enhancers, due to their anabolic effects. The current study aimed to analyze levels of the most abundant ecdysteroid, ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20-OHE) in easily available dietary supplements, and, outline an analytical strategy for its detection, and that, of its metabolites, (1) following administration of pure 20-OHE to uPA(+/+)-SCID mice with humanized liver, (2) in a human volunteer after ingestion of two supplements, one with a relatively low, and the other a high, concentration of 20-OHE, and, (3) to estimate the prevalence of use of 20-OHE in elite athletes (n = 1000). Of the 16 supplements tested, only five showed detectable levels of 20-OHE, with concentrations ranging from undetectable up to 2.3 mg per capsule. Urine of uPA(+/+)-SCID urine showed the presence of 20-OHE and its metabolite, 14 deoxy ecdysterone, within 24 hours (hr) of ingestion. In humans, both the parent and the metabolite were detectable within 2 to 5 hr of ingestion, with the metabolite being detectable for longer than the parent. After ingestion of a low dose supplement, the parent and metabolite were detectable for 70 and 48 hr, while following the higher dose it was 96 and 48 hr, respectively. Analysis of urines from athletes (n = 1000) confirmed four positives for 20-OHE, suggesting a prevalence of use of 0.4%. Prevalence of its use by elite athletes was relatively low, however, this needs to be confirmed in other populations, and with other related ecdysteroids.     

Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among a sample of Moroccan type 2 diabetes patients

BackgroundObesity constitutes a major risk factor for the development of diabetes, and has been linked with poor glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients.AimsThis study examines the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients in the Beni-Mellal Khenifra region in Morocco.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 975 diabetes patients attending primary health centres. Demographic and clinical data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height and waist circumference, were taken using standardized techniques and calibrated equipment.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 40.4%, the general obesity was 28.8% and the abdominal obesity was 73.7%. Using multivariate analysis, we noted that the general obesity was associated with female sex (AOR= 3,004, 95% CI: 1.761–5.104, P<0.001), increased age (AOR=2.192, 95% CI: 1.116–4.307, P<0.023) and good glycaemic control (AOR=1.594, 95% CI: 1.056–2.407, P=0.027), whereas abdominal obesity was associated wih female sex (AOR=2.654, 95% CI: 1.507–4.671, P<0.001) and insulin treatment (AOR=2.927, 95% CI: 1.031–8.757, P=0.048).ConclusionOverweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity were high among participants, especially among women. Taken together, these findings urge the implementation of a roadmap for this diabetic subpopulation to have a new lifestyle.