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1.
Effects of sodium fusidate in animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and septic shock. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
F Nicoletti P Zaccone R Di Marco G Magro S Grasso S Morrone A Santoni G Tempera P L Meroni K Bendtzen 《Immunology》1995,85(4):645-650
We have evaluated the effects of the novel immunosuppressant sodium fusidate (fusidin) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and in D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-presensitized BALB/c mice challenged with the bacterial superantigen, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) or with the endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The NOD mouse model has clinical and histoimmunological features similar to those of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The SEB- and LPS-treated BALB/c mouse models exhibit pathogenic similarities with human septic shock conditions. In the NOD mouse, fusidin suppressed the spontaneous development of insulitis (mean inhibition 73%) and hyperglycaemia (IDDM incidence 25% versus 0%) when administered at 40 mg/kg five times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks from the fourth week of age; concurrently treated animals exhibited reduced percentages of splenic T lymphocytes. This anti-diabetogenic effect was confirmed in the accelerated model of diabetes induced in the NOD mouse with cyclophosphamide (CY) (IDDM incidence 55% versus 21-6% using dosages of fusidin from 40 to 80 mg/kg five times weekly); protection from IDDM development was achieved even when the drug (80 mg/kg/day) was first administered 7 days after CY challenge. In contrast, fusidin did not reverse hyperglycaemia when administered to CY-treated animals within 3 days of IDDM development. In the two models of septic shock, prophylactic treatment with fusidin, 80 mg/kg given three times for 2 days prior to D-Gal/SEB or D-Gal/LPS challenge, drastically reduced the lethality compared with D-Gal/buffer-treated mice. This effect may depend on the inhibitory action of fusidin on the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, the serum levels of which were greatly diminished in the fusidin-treated mice (mean inhibition 50-90%). These results demonstrate that fusidin may have a role in the treatment of cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and cytokine-mediated infectious diseases in humans. 相似文献
2.
Failure of a reinforced triple course of hepatitis B vaccination in patients transplanted for HBV-related cirrhosis. 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Mario Angelico Daniele Di Paolo Massimo O Trinito Alessandra Petrolati Antonio Araco Settimio Zazza Raffaella Lionetti Carlo U Casciani Giuseppe Tisone 《Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)》2002,35(1):176-181
Long-term immunoprophylaxis with anti-HBs immunoglobulins (HBIg) is used to prevent hepatitis B (HBV) reinfection after liver transplantation for HBV-related cirrhosis. This approach is highly expensive. A recent report proposed posttransplant HBV vaccination with a reinforced schedule as an alternative strategy to allow HBIg discontinuation. We investigated the efficacy of a reinforced triple course of HBV vaccination in 17 patients transplanted for HBsAg-positive cirrhosis 2 to 7 years earlier. The first cycle consisted of 3 double intramuscular doses (40 microg) of recombinant vaccine at month 0, 1, and 2, respectively. This was followed, in nonresponders, by a second cycle of 6 intradermal 10 microg doses every 15 days. All nonresponders then received a third cycle identical to the first one. Vaccination started 4.5 months after HBIg discontinuation, and lamivudine (100 mg/day) was given throughout the study. All patients were seronegative for HBsAg and HBV-DNA (by PCR) and positive for anti-HBe, and 7 were positive for anti-HDV. After the first cycle one patient (#5, 53 years old, male) developed an anti-HBs titer of 154 IU/L, another (#12) reached a titer of 20 IU/L and the remainder had titers <10 IU/L. At month 7, patient #5 reached a titer of 687 IU/L. After the second cycle only one additional patient (#9) had a slight response (an anti-HBs titer of 37 IU/L). After the third cycle patient #9 rose to an anti-HBs titer of 280 IU/L, patient #12 dropped to 10 IU/L, and no other patient responded. In conclusion, a highly reinforced HBV vaccination program is effective only in a few patients who had liver transplants for HBV-related cirrhosis. 相似文献
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Arcangelo Barbonetti Settimio D’Andrea Francesca Cavallo Alessio Martorella Sandro Francavilla Felice Francavilla 《The journal of sexual medicine》2019,16(5):624-632
Introduction
Comparative studies on differences in sexual function outcomes between homosexual and heterosexual men are sparse and inconclusive.Aim
To systematically evaluate whether, and to what extent, a statistically significant difference exists in the odds of erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) between homosexual and heterosexual men.Methods
A thorough search of Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was carried out to identify case-control studies comparing the prevalence of ED and PE in homosexual and heterosexual men. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) of reporting ED and PE were combined using random effect models. The Cochrane Q and I2 tests were carried out to analyze the between-studies heterogeneity. Funnel plots and trim-and-fill analysis were used to assess publication bias.Main Outcome Measures
The relationship between sexual orientation and odds of ED and PE was assessed by calculating pooled ORs with a 95% CI.Results
4 studies included in the quantitative analysis collectively provided information on 1,807 homosexual and 4,055 heterosexual men. The pooled ORs indicated that homosexual orientation was associated with 1.5-fold higher odds of reporting ED (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.16; P = .04) and 28.0% lower odds of reporting PE in comparison to the heterosexual orientation (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52–1.00; P = .05). However, a significant heterogeneity among the studies was observed. Funnel plots revealed a possible publication bias only for the ED analysis, where the trim-and-fill test detected a putative missing study. Nevertheless, even when the pooled estimate was adjusted for publication bias, there was a significantly higher risk of ED in the homosexual group (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.30; P = .01).Clinical Implications
These findings can drive future studies on sexual needs and concerns of homosexual men, which might not exactly match those of heterosexual individuals.Strength & Limitations
This is the first meta-analysis exploring the differences in the prevalence of ED and PE between homosexual and heterosexual men. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, because their generalization could be hindered by the non-probabilistic nature of the samples, and a measurement bias could result from the use of different non-standardized indicators of sexual dysfunctions.Conclusion
Homosexual orientation is associated with higher odds of ED and lower odds of PE compared with heterosexual orientation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical significance of these findings and whether they reflect differences in patterns of sexual lifestyle.Barbonetti A, D’Andrea S, Cavallo F, et al. Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation in Homosexual and Heterosexual Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies. J Sex Med 2019;16:624–632. 相似文献6.
The incidence of antibodies against 9 arboviruses in ovine, bovine and human sera collected in Eastern Sicily was studied. A high incidence of antibodies was found especially against Bhanja virus in all sera and against Sandfly fever Sicilian in ovine sera only. The incidence was higher than that reported in 1971 for the western part of Sicily. These findings suggest an increase in the circulation of arboviruses in this area; the causes are briefly discussed. 相似文献
7.
Fadda G Nicoletti G Schito GC Tempera G 《Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy)》2005,17(3):251-257
During 2004 four Italian Laboratories assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in female out-patients. A total of 600 urine samples from individuals aged 18-65 were studied. The overall prevalence of Escherichia coli was 85.3%. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and other rarer species were far less represented. Determination of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the entire collection of E. coli (512 organisms) revealed that among the drugs analyzed ampicillin was the least active molecule with only 62.5% of the strains being inhibited. Amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime displayed a higher potency (87.7% and 89.2% respectively). Cotrimoxazole inhibited only 70.1% of the uropathogens. The three fluoquinolones tested had comparable activity ranging from 83.0% for ciprofloxacin, to 83.6% for levofloxacin and 84.9% for prulifloxacin, indicating an identical spectrum of cross resistance. Nitrofurantoin (96.7%) and fosfomycin (98.6%) were the most potent drugs. Against the whole collection of uropathogens, only cefuroxime, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin overcame the threshold of 90% activity, with the fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate suffering from about 15% resistance. The results of this survey strongly support the conclusions of recent Italian guidelines concerning the best empiric treatment of UTI in this country today. 相似文献
8.
Simonelli F Testa F Zernant J Nesti A Rossi S Rinaldi E Allikmets R 《Ophthalmic research》2004,36(2):82-88
Genetic variation in the ABCA4 (ABCR) gene has been associated with several distinct retinal phenotypes, including Stargardt disease/fundus flavimaculatus (STGD/FFM), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration. The current model of genotype/phenotype association suggests that patients harboring deleterious mutations in both ABCR alleles would develop RP-like retinal pathology. Here we describe ABCA4-associated phenotypes, including a proband with a homozygous nonsense mutation in a family from Southern Italy. The proband had been originally diagnosed with STGD. Ophthalmologic examination included kinetic perimetry, electrophysiological studies and fluorescein angiography. DNA of the affected individual and family members was analyzed for variants in all 50 exons of the ABCA4 gene by screening on the ABCR400 microarray. A homozygous nonsense mutation 2971G>T (G991X) was detected in a patient initially diagnosed with STGD based on funduscopic evidence, including bull's eye depigmentation of the fovea and flecks at the posterior pole extending to the mid-peripheral retina. Since this novel nucleotide substitution results in a truncated, nonfunctional, ABCA4 protein, the patient was examined in-depth for the severity of the disease phenotype. Indeed, subsequent electrophysiological studies determined severely reduced cone amplitude as compared to the rod amplitude, suggesting the diagnosis of CRD. ABCR400 microarray is an efficient tool for determining causal genetic variation, including new mutations. A homozygous protein-truncating mutation in ABCA4 can cause a phenotype ranging from STGD to CRD as diagnosed at an early stage of the disease. Only a combination of comprehensive genotype/phenotype correlation studies will determine the proper diagnosis and prognosis of ABCA4-associated pathology. 相似文献
9.
Zampaloni C Vitali LA Prenna M Toscano MA Tempera G Ripa S 《Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)》2002,8(1):39-44
Erythromycin resistance among Streptococcus pyogenes strains has been reported in Italy at high rates during the last few years. A total of 152 erythromycin-resistant isolates of this species from southern Italian regions were characterized for the macrolide-resistance phenotype and screened by PCR for the corresponding genetic determinant. A close correlation was found between these phenotypic/genotypic data concerning macrolide resistance and results of Sma I macrorestriction fragment patterns (PFGE) analysis. In fact, the vast majority of the isolates assigned to individual PFGE classes mostly belonged to a single phenotype of macrolide resistance. All untypeable isolates belonged to the M phenotype. Twenty-two distinct PFGE types were recognized, of which 11 were recorded in only one isolate (one-strain type); about 50% of typeable isolates fell into five type clusters and 70% in seven. The increased erythromycin resistance among Italian isolates of S. pyogenes does not appear to be due to the spread of a single clone, but results indicate that the majority of group A streptococci examined are probably spread from a limited number of clones. 相似文献
10.
Pulsoni A Starza ID Frattarelli N Ghia E Carlotti E Cavalieri E Matturro A Tempera S Rambaldi A Foà R 《British journal of haematology》2007,137(3):216-220
Stage I/IIA follicular lymphoma (FL) is considered a localised disease that can be adequately treated with radiotherapy alone. Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) involvement in FL was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a series of 24 consecutive patients with histologically revised diagnosis and treated with involved field radiotherapy. Despite the limited stage, Bcl-2/IgH+ cells were found at diagnosis in PB and/or BM of 16 patients (66.6%). After treatment, in 9/15 Bcl-2/IgH positive evaluable patients, a disappearance of Bcl-2/IgH+ cells was observed, which persisted after a median follow-up of 43.5 months (range 11-70) in all but one patient. Quantitative PCR demonstrated the feasibility of clearing PB and BM Bcl-2+ cells after local irradiation of the primary site of the disease only when the basal number of lymphoma cells was <1:100 000. Patients with Bcl-2/IgH+ cells at diagnosis or after treatment had a higher likelihood of relapse. Thus, despite a negative BM biopsy, the majority of localised FL Bcl-2/IgH+ cells were found in the PB and BM. Lymphoma cells can reversibly spread from the affected lymph node to PB and BM and, in a proportion of cases, durably disappear after irradiation. The possibility of a persistent lymphoma cell clearance is proportional to the amount of cells detected at presentation by quantitative PCR. 相似文献