Challenges to Optimal Enteral Nutrition in a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To describe nutrient intake in critically ill children, identify risk factors associated with avoidable interruptions to enteral nutrition (EN), and highlight opportunities to improve enteral nutrient delivery in a busy tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design, Setting, and Measurements: Daily nutrient intake and factors responsible for avoidable interruptions to EN were recorded in patients admitted to a 29‐bed medical and surgical PICU over 4 weeks. Clinical characteristics, time to reach caloric goal, and parenteral nutrition (PN) use were compared between patients with and without avoidable interruptions to EN. Results: Daily record of nutrient intake was obtained in 117 consecutive patients (median age, 7 years). Eighty (68%) patients received EN (20% postpyloric) for a total of 381 EN days (median, 2 days). Median time to EN initiation was less than 1 day. However, EN was subsequently interrupted in 24 (30%) patients at an average of 3.7 ± 3.1 times per patient (range, 1–13), for a total of 88 episodes accounting for 1,483 hours of EN deprivation in this cohort. Of the 88 episodes of EN interruption, 51 (58%) were deemed as avoidable. Mechanically ventilated subjects were at the highest risk of EN interruptions. Avoidable EN interruption was associated with increased reliance on PN and impaired ability to reach caloric goal. Conclusions: EN interruption is common and frequently avoidable in critically ill children. Knowledge of existing barriers to EN such as those identified in this study will allow appropriate interventions to optimize nutrition provision in the PICU.     

藁本内酯分解前后川芎挥发油对兔球结膜微循环影响的比较

藁本内酯分解前后川芎挥发油对兔球结膜微循环影响的比较石力夫，郑晓梅，蔡溱，吴柏生（第二军医大学附属长海医院药剂科，上海２００４３３）川芎是重要的活血化瘀中药，其各种制剂广泛应用于临床治疗脑血管疾病。挥发油是川芎的重要有效部位。动物试验及临床研究表明，...