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排序方式: 共有219条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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SARAH VOOGHT BSc RGN ALISON RICHARDSON PhD MSc RGN 《European journal of cancer care》1996,5(4):217-224
Cancer patients are increasingly being cared for in the community. However, the role of the community oncology nurse specialist (CONS) remains a rare appointment in the United Kingdom. There is little research evidence to substantiate the view that this is a worthwhile and effective role. This study aimed to explore the role of one CONS using a qualitative case study approach. The sample consisted of the CONS, seven patients, no relatives and five community nurses. Semi-structured interviews were used to elicit the view of these participants. In addition, documents containing details of the CONS's work to date were reviewed. A number of the CONS's role components were identified by the different respondent groups. Five themes were identified within the data collected: functions of the CONS, communication between the CONS and other health care professionals, structural and organizational factors, characteristics of the service and benefits to patients and their families. Furthermore, all respondent groups were positive about the service offered by the CONS, and felt that the role was valuable. Some negative features were identified and these were concerned with organizational aspects of the service. The findings suggest the need for further research and evaluation in this area. 相似文献
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To achieve effective primary care we need to take into accountlay perspectives on services. This study investigated a sampleof 54 mothers with at least one child under five years old toelucidate their approaches to minor illnesses in their childrenand their use of pharmacists. The use of the pharmacist andof proprietary medicines were found to be important elementsin self-care, sometimes replacing general practitioner consultations.However, the mothers held differing opinions about how to dealwith children's symptoms and who to contact for help. This varietyneeds to be taken into account when recommending changes inthe provision of primary care for this group, especially concerningthe role of the pharmacist. 相似文献
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Phagocytosis of yeast by haemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, is influenced strongly by host plasma components, although it can occur without involvement of such factors. Plasma from two strains of B. glabrata which are resistant to S. mansoni differs in its opsonic properties from the plasma of a susceptible strain. This may reflect the principles which determine compatibility or incompatibility in this host-parasite system. Opsonization is a time-dependent process: short periods of incubation in plasma from all strains reduces subsequent phagocytosis in the absence of plasma factors, whereas longer incubation in resistant strain plasma is markedly opsonic. Haemocytes from all strains examined are equally competent in their recognition of either native or opsonized yeast. 相似文献
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Dietary Changes Favorably Affect Bone Remodeling in Older Adults 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
ROBERT P. HEANEY MD DAVID A. McCARRON MD BESS DAWSON-HUGHES MD SUZANNE OPARIL MD SARAH L. BERGA MD JUDITH S. STERN ScD SUSAN I. BARR PhD CLIFFORD J. ROSEN MD 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》1999,99(10):1228-1233
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dietary counseling to increase milk intake could produce useful changes in the calcium economy and what, if any, other nutrition-related changes might be produced. DESIGN: Randomized, open trial. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Two hundred four healthy men and women, aged 55 to 85 years, who habitually consumed fewer than 1.5 servings of dairy foods per day. Six academic health centers in the United States. INTERVENTION: Subjects were instructed to consume 3 servings per day of nonfat milk or 1% milk as a part of their daily diets, or to maintain their usual diets, for a 12-week intervention period, which followed 4 weeks of baseline observations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy and nutrient intake assessed from milk intake logs and 3-day food records; serum calciotrophic hormone levels at baseline and at 8 and 12 weeks; urinary excretion of calcium and N-telopeptide at 12 weeks. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: In the milk-supplemented group, calcium intake increased by 729 +/- 45 mg/day (mean +/- standard error), serum parathyroid hormone level decreased by approximately 9%, and urinary excretion of N-telopeptide, a bone resorption marker, decreased by 13%. Urine calcium excretion increased in milk-supplemented subjects by 21 +/- 7.6 mg/day (mean +/- standard error), less than half the amount predicted to be absorbed from the increment in calcium intake. All of these changes were significantly different from baseline values in the milk group and from the corresponding changes in the control group. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level (a bone formation marker) fell by approximately 9% in both groups. Serum level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) rose by 10% in the milk group (P < .001), and the level of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) fell slightly (1.9%) in the milk group and rose significantly (7.9%) in the control group (P < .05). APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: The changes observed in the calcium economy through consumption of food sources of calcium are similar in kind and extent to those reported previously for calcium supplement tablets. The increase in IGF-1 level and the decrease in IBFBP-4 level are new observations that are beneficial for bone health. Important improvements in skeletal metabolism can feasibly occur in older adults by consumption of food sources of calcium. Dietitians can be confident that food works, and that desired calcium intakes can be achieved using food sources. 相似文献
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SCABID: AN UNUSUAL ID REACTION TO SCABIES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SARAH BRENNER M.D. RONNI WOLF M.D. MARINA LANDAU M.D. 《International journal of dermatology》1993,32(2):128-129