经尿道前列腺汽化与开放性手术对老年前列腺增生患者术后性功能的影响

目的评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响.方法分别统计分析经尿道前列腺汽化组(TUVP组)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组)术后6个月、1 2个月勃起障碍(ED)与逆行射精(RE)的发生率.结果术后6个月ED的发生率在TUVP组(n=52)、SPP组(n=46)、Madigan组(n=32)分别为1 3.4%(7/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后12个月ED的发生率分别为11.5%(6/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后6个月、1 2个月RE的发生率在TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为46.2%(24/5 2)、39.1%(1 8/46)、9.3%(3/32).结论TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术相比较对勃起障碍的影响无统计学差异(p＞0.05),但逆行射精的发生率较Madigan手术组高,提示对术后射精功能有较大影响.     

3D打印技术辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的Meta分析

文题释义：脊柱畸形：指脊柱的冠状位、矢状位或轴向位偏离正常位置，发生形态上异常的表现，可以分为特发性、先天性、病理性及创伤性等原因。绝大多数患者需手术治疗，但由于该类患者解剖不规则、周围组织粘连严重，其截骨矫形手术风险极高。 3D打印技术：又称“快速成型技术”，术前对患者进行脊柱 CT 扫描，获得相关数据，打印出脊柱模型。脊柱外科医师可以通过模型进行模拟截骨及模拟内固定，设计最好的手术方案。背景：3D打印技术在脊柱外科应用越来越广泛，有很好的辅助手术作用。但是目前缺乏循证医学证据证实3D打印辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的疗效及安全性。 目的：系统评价3D打印辅助后路截骨治疗脊柱畸形的疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方、维普和CBM数据库自建库至2019年12月关于3D打印治疗脊柱畸形患者的研究。英文检索词为“3D printing” “rapid prototyping” “Spinal deformity”等；中文检索词为“3D打印”“快速成型技术”“脊柱畸形”等。由2名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和质量评价，采用 RevMan 5.3软件对文献进行Meta分析。结果与结论：①共纳入6篇文献，282例患者，其中3D打印组139例，常规组143例；②Meta 分析结果显示，3D打印组在手术时间、手术出血量及手术放射暴露时间方面均小于常规组(P < 0.05)；③在Cobb角、Cobb角矫正率、置钉准确率及Oswestry功能障碍指数评分方面均优于常规组(P < 0.05)；④3D打印组和常规组在并发症方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；⑤上述数据证实，3D打印辅助后路截骨能够明显降低手术间和手术出血量，改善手术效果。ORCID: 0000-0002-1739-7548(吴荣海) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下医院药品调剂部门防控工作重点与措施

目的探讨医院药品调剂部门在新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情期间的工作重点与防控措施。方法参考各级指导意见及相关文献,梳理工作重点与防控难点,结合工作实践,不断进行优化与总结。结果与结论疫情期间,医院药品调剂部门通过从药品领用、储存、发放、药学服务四方面优化工作内容,保障了临床用药安全。同时,从组织架构、疫情管理、人员监管、人员培训、心理疏导、个人安全防护、环境设备消毒、防护物资管理等多方面对药品调剂部门工作人员和工作环境制订全方位、多维度的疫情防控措施。这些措施已有实践基础,可操作性、实用性及可及性大,具有参考意义。     

经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术的并发症分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术(TUPKEP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效。方法 对本院2009年3月~2012年4月收治的368例良性前列腺增生患者采用经尿道双极等离子体前列腺剜除术的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 368例患者手术均获完成。平均手术时间(55.1±19.2)min,术中平均出血量(88±26)mL,切除腺体平均重量(60.5±26.3)g,留置尿管时间(4.8±1.3)天,术后住院时间(5.9±1.8)天。并发症中,前列腺包膜穿孔4例,其中1例膀胱前列腺连接部穿孔行腹腔引流;12例术后拔除尿管后出现排尿困难,经重置尿管后缓解,轻度尿失禁38例,张力性尿失禁12例,无真性尿失禁发生;膀胱颈挛缩5例,输血6例,逆行射精86例,尿道狭窄10例,阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)39例,无TUR综合征及再次手术病例。术后患者IPSS、QOL、RVR 、Qmax与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 TUPKEP手术时间、术后留置尿管时间和住院时间较短,术中出血量、并发症少,是治疗前列腺增生的安全有效的方法,其并发症可控可防。     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术与电切术治疗高危良性前列腺增生的比较

【摘要】 目的 探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(TUPKEP)与经尿道等离子前列腺电切术(TUPKRP)治疗高危良性前列腺增生(HrBPH)的安全性和有效性比较。方法 回顾性分析128例高危BPH 患者接受TUPKEP及TUPKRP两种手术方式,就两组患者的手术时间、出血量、前列腺腺体切除量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、尿管停留时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症等进行比较;对两组患者术前、术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、残余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)进行比较。结果 68例行TUPKEP,60例行TUPKRP,所有128例患者安全度过围手术期。两组患者术前情况比较无统计学差异;两组患者手术后的QOL、PVR、IPSS、Qmax与各自术前比较,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但上述指标在两组之间比较的差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TUPKEP组在手术的出血量、手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间以及术后的住院时间要明显小于TUPKRP组(P<0.05);同时,TUPKEP组前列腺腺体切除量也高于TUPKRP组(P<0.05)。结论 TUPKEP 与TUPKRP在治疗高危BPH中,二者的临床疗效相当,但TUPKEP在手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间和住院时间较TUPKRP短,而且出血量和并发症均较少少,是治疗高危良性前列腺增生症的安全有效的方法。     

唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗原发性骨质疏松疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗原发性骨质疏松的有效性与安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、CBM、万方数据库,检索时间均为建库至2018年12月,采用改良Jadad量表及Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量。使用Rev Man5.3及Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入12篇文献,1 344例患者。Meta分析结果表明:在疗效方面,腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)在治疗12个月后[SMD=0.96,95%CI(0.03,1.90),P=0.04]、24个月后[SMD=1.70,95%CI(0.30,3.11),P=0.02],股骨颈BMD在治疗12个月后[SMD=0.34,95%CI(0.19,0.50),P0.000 1],VAS评分[MD=-0.76,95%CI(-0.93,-0.58),P0.000 01],Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)[MD=-10.48,95%CI(-11.38,-9.58),P0.000 01],差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),唑来膦酸治疗效果优于阿仑膦酸钠。在安全性方面,不良反应[RR=1.79,95%CI(1.41,2.28),P0.000 01]差异具有统计学意义,唑来膦酸安全性小于阿仑膦酸钠。结论与阿仑膦酸钠相比,唑来膦酸在治疗后期能明显提高患者腰椎、股骨颈BMD,有效降低VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数,进而显著提升患者的生活质量,但不良反应相对较多。     

Association between time spent outdoors and myopia among junior high school students: A 3-wave panel study in China

This study sought to investigate the recent incidence rate of myopia in Chinese junior high school students and analyze the effect of time spent outdoors on myopia, in addition to facilitating the prevention and control of myopia among students.This study was derived from a national panel study, the China Education Panel Survey. We conducted three rounds of follow-up visits among 10,279 seventh grade students from 112 middle schools in 20 provinces in 2013. In total, 3571 students were selected for the analysis in 2020 by excluding those lost to follow-up and students who were myopic in the first round. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of myopia and the effect of time outdoors on myopia. The baseline characteristics of the included students were described, and the correlation between time spent outdoors and myopia in the three rounds of data was analyzed by a correlation chi-square test. Then, the generalized estimation equation (GEE) was used to estimate the influence of time spent outdoors on myopia after follow-up.There were 3571 students with normal baseline vision, and 1508 (42.23%) students progressed from having a normal vision to myopia in the third round, of whom 706 (46.82%) were male and 802 (53.18%) were female. The results of the chi-square test showed that the time spent outdoors of all students and girls, specifically, was related to myopia (P < .05). Next, the GEE was used to analyze the influence of time spent outdoors on myopia after follow-up. After two model adjustments (individual and family-related characteristics of students), students with < 7 hours/week time spent outdoors retained a high myopia rate than ≥14 hours/week (OR = 1.250; 95% CI: 1.070–1.460). Among boys, there was no statistical correlation between time spent outdoors and myopia (P > .05). For girls, compared with students who spent ≥14 hours/week outdoors, students with <7 hours/week spent outdoors retained a higher myopia rate (OR = 1.355; 95%CI: 1.067–1.720).Increased time spent outdoors can delay the development of myopia. In terms of gender, girls should be targeted to more effectively prevent and control the development and progression of myopia.     

基于ISO15189基础上的医学实验室管理体系建设

进入二十一世纪后,国际检验界更加关注实验室的相关法规的的建立。国际标准化组织（ISO）于2003年正式发布了针对医学实验室管理的ISO15189《医学实验室质量和能力的专用要求》．规范了医学实验室管理和技术要求。在我国,2008年北京奥运会、     

A TETRACYCLINE LABELING STUDY OF SUBCHONDRAL BONE TISSUES IN OSTEOARTHRITIC HIP JOINT

Seven female patients (mean age of 56 years) with advanced hip joint osteoarthritis underwent total hip replacement. Four days before operation they were given oral tetracycline for two days. During operation specimens were taken from the white articular cartilage, the yellowish articular cartilage and the ivory bone together with their subchondral bone tissues. The undecalcified specimens were cut into 10 μm sections and observed under the fluorescence microscope. In all the specimens the following findings could be observed. 1. The osteoarthritic articular cartilage became thinner, with uneven surface and fissures. 2. The superficial and deep surfaces and the central part of the subchondral bone plate showed bright golden yellow fluorescence. It reflected extensive new bone formation. 3. The subchondral bone trabeculae also revealed bright golden yellow fluorescence on their peripheral borders, so trabeculae turned thicker obviously. 4. The marrow tissues between the bone trabeculae exhibited particulate or spherical bright golden yellow fluorescence, reflecting new bone formation in the marrow. The particulate and spherical bright golden yellow fluorescent materials might aggregate, enlarge and merge into large piece of new bone and they also fused with the neighbouring bone trabeculae. The aforementioned changes in the structure of the subchondral bone tissues increased greatly the mass in the osteoarthritic femoral head.