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排序方式: 共有805条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Rachel Anderson Lynell Clancy Neil Flynn Alex Kral Ricky Bluthenthal 《The International journal on drug policy》2003,14(5-6):461
An important operational aspect of Syringe Exchange Programmes (SEPs) is the venue of service delivery. This report describes the programmatic features of the Sacramento Area Needle Exchange (SANE), an illegal SEP operating in California, USA. SANE utilises “satellite exchangers” to distribute the bulk of its syringes and HIV risk reduction supplies. Advantages of relying primarily on Designated Exchangers (DE) for delivery of SEP services are that it: (1) allows for coverage of a large geographical area; (2) keeps operational cost low; (3) provides syringes to clients who may not want to or cannot use fixed site programmes; (4) limits the possibility of detection of programme personnel and clients by law enforcement. Limitations are that: (1) it is not as conducive as fixed sites to providing a wide range of ancillary services; (2) it may not be optimal for drug users who do not want to be reliant on other people for access to syringes; (3) those who receive services from a satellite exchanger may not derive as much counselling and referral services as direct exchangers. The lack of legal status, political support and adequate funding threatens the programme’s existence. 相似文献
3.
Reliability of a Store Observation Tool in Measuring Availability of Alcohol and Selected Foods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Deborah A. Cohen Diane Schoeff Thomas A. Farley Ricky Bluthenthal Richard Scribner Adrian Overton 《Journal of urban health》2007,84(6):807-813
Alcohol and food items can compromise or contribute to health, depending on the quantity and frequency with which they are
consumed. How much people consume may be influenced by product availability and promotion in local retail stores. We developed
and tested an observational tool to objectively measure in-store availability and promotion of alcoholic beverages and selected
food items that have an impact on health. Trained observers visited 51 alcohol outlets in Los Angeles and southeastern Louisiana.
Using a standardized instrument, two independent observations were conducted documenting the type of outlet, the availability
and shelf space for alcoholic beverages and selected food items, the purchase price of standard brands, the placement of beer
and malt liquor, and the amount of in-store alcohol advertising. Reliability of the instrument was excellent for measures
of item availability, shelf space, and placement of malt liquor. Reliability was lower for alcohol advertising, beer placement,
and items that measured the “least price” of apples and oranges. The average kappa was 0.87 for categorical items and the
average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.83 for continuous items. Overall, systematic observation of the availability
and promotion of alcoholic beverages and food items was feasible, acceptable, and reliable. Measurement tools such as the
one we evaluated should be useful in studies of the impact of availability of food and beverages on consumption and on health
outcomes. 相似文献
4.
Development of interventions to prevent accidental occupational fatalities requires the prior identification of those at risk and the circumstances surrounding the injuries. A survey of unintentional farm fatalities was conducted using medical examiner reports (RIME) and death certificates (MECD) to identify deaths due to agricultural occupational injuries in North Carolina from 1984 through 1988. Of 393 cases, 123 met the criteria "farmer" listed as occupation on the RIME/MECD and/or "victim" in a rural area performing a farming task when injured. A second aim of this study was to use an existing data base to achieve maximum accuracy in identifying true cases of work-related farm fatalities.
A fatality rate of 41/100,000 agricultural workers was found; the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health's National Traumatic Occupational Fatality study criteria would have identified only 57 percent of these. Victims were characterized as middle age (53 years), white (76%), male (100%), full-time farmers (65%). Injury occurred during harvest season on Monday or Tuesday (47%) between 2 and 6 p.m. (54%). Death was pronounced at the scene (74%), with probable cause listed as tractor (62%). Injury location and land elevation were also related, with the mountain region having twice the fatality rate as the coastal plains region. 相似文献
A fatality rate of 41/100,000 agricultural workers was found; the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health's National Traumatic Occupational Fatality study criteria would have identified only 57 percent of these. Victims were characterized as middle age (53 years), white (76%), male (100%), full-time farmers (65%). Injury occurred during harvest season on Monday or Tuesday (47%) between 2 and 6 p.m. (54%). Death was pronounced at the scene (74%), with probable cause listed as tractor (62%). Injury location and land elevation were also related, with the mountain region having twice the fatality rate as the coastal plains region. 相似文献
5.
Background
Rhizoma Curculiginis (Xianmao) and Rhizoma Drynariae (Gusuibu) are 'Yang-tonifying' traditional Chinese herbal medicines used to strengthen bones. This investigation aims to assess the systemic effect of extracts of Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae on bone histomorphology and formation, and their local effect on bone healing. 相似文献6.
Ricky K. Taira PhD David B. Johnson Vikas Bhushan Monica Rivera Clement Wong Lujia Huang Denise R. Aberle Melanie Greaves Jonathan G. Goldin 《Journal of digital imaging》1996,9(1):25-36
Current digital information systems in radiology are insufficient to accommodate the retrieval needs of academicians. Significant efforts are required in retrieving clinical cases for teaching and research. We describe a prototype system that supports intelligent case retrieval based on a combined specification of patient demographics, radiologic findings, and pathologic diagnoses. The documents for these cases can be distributed among multiple heterogeneous data bases. The system features automatic indexing of radiology and pathology reports, a comprehensive lexicon for thoracic radiology, an interface to a hospital information system, radiology information system, and picture archiving and communication systems, and a graphical user interface for query formulation and results visualization. The prototype system was developed within the domain of thoracic radiology involving patients with lung cancer. 相似文献
7.
John David N. Dionisio Alfonso F. Cárdenas PhD Robert B. Lufkin Antonio DeSalles Keith L. Black Ricky K. Taira Wesley W. Chu 《Journal of digital imaging》1997,10(1):21-26
A prototype multimedia medical database is described for supporting thermal ablation therapy of brain tumors. Its design is motivated by the major need to manage and access multimedia information on the progress and reaction of tumors to various therapy protocols. The database links images to patient data in a way that permits the user to view and query medical information using alphanumeric, temporal, and feature-based predicates. Visualization programs permit the user to view or annotate the query results in various ways. These results support the wide variety of data types and presentation methods required by neuroradiologists to manage thermal ablation therapy data. The database satisfactorily meets the requirements defined by thermal ablation therapy. A similar approach is being undertaken for supporting different therapies of other types of tumors, thus showing the generality of our approach. 相似文献
8.
Bruce Ho PhD Woodrew Chao Reza Sadri Lu Huang Ricky Taira Henry Shih 《Journal of digital imaging》1995,8(4):180-190
A key advantage in the conversion from film-based to digital radiology is the possibility of a long-term on line electronic archival of patient studies. The popular approach based on optical disk jukeboxes for the long-term archive and magnetic disk storage for data caching is not economically attractive because of the cost of both the jukebox and the medium. Strategies for extending the archival system design with a tape jukebox have been studied. The proposed strategy calls for the use of high-ratio lossy compression together with low-cost tape storage to make long-term on line archiving more affordable. An intelligent prefetching algorithm based on hospital information system and radiologic information system triggers, which in turn are augmented by manual case preparation, can effectively overcome the longer latency of ad hoc retrievals. This longer latency is caused by both system-level bottlenecks and the sequential access constraint of the tape drive. Strategies for image clustering and tape allocation by patient classification also enhance retrieval efficiency. This archival design using image compression, prefetching, and clustering could be implemented in many of the existing teleradiology and picture archiving and communication systems. 相似文献
9.
10.
Christopher G Willett Yves Boucher Dan G Duda Emmanuelle di Tomaso Lance L Munn Ricky T Tong Sergey V Kozin Lucine Petit Rakesh K Jain Daniel C Chung Dushyant V Sahani Sanjeeva P Kalva Kenneth S Cohen David T Scadden Alan J Fischman Jeffrey W Clark David P Ryan Andrew X Zhu Lawrence S Blaszkowsky Paul C Shellito Mari Mino-Kenudson Gregory Y Lauwers 《Journal of clinical oncology》2005,23(31):8136-8139