Further study on the vascular basis for the reimplantation of the hand amputated through the palm

Summary Based on the anatomic data obtained from earlier studies on the vascular anatomy of the hand, the vascular architecture in the palm of the hand was studied on 60 sides of unembalmed adult upper extremities. Each palm was divided into 64 squares by 8 sagittal and 8 transverse sections. The vascular architecture in these squares and the arterial relations between them were observed and measured by angiography, operative microscopic dissection and computerised three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the pattern of the blood-vessels, the amputated palms can be classified into 4 types. The anatomic basis for the vascular anastomosis in each type is defined. There are three key-areas for the blood-supply of the palm and their significance is discussed. Apart from the 4 types of transversely amputated palms, the repair programe of the blood-vessles in 4 types of common obliquely amputated palms are also discussed.

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Etude complémentaire de l'anatomie vasculaire de la main pour la réimplantation des amputations transpalmaires

Résumé Sur la base de données anatomiques obtenues lors de précédents travaux sur l'anatomie vasculaire de la main, l'architecture vasculaire palmaire a été étudiée sur 60 extrémités supérieures de cadavres d'adultes, non embaumés. Chaque paume a été divisée en 64 carrés par 8 sections sagittales et 8 sections transversales. L'architecture vasculaire à l'intérieur des carrés et les relations artérielles entre eux ont été étudiées et mesurées par angiographie, dissection au microscope opérateur et reconstruction computérisée en 3D. Les paumes amputées ont été regroupées en 4 types d'après la distribution des vaisseaux sanguins. Les données anatomiques concernant les anastomoses vasculaires sont précisées. Il existe trois zones clés pour l'irrigation de la paume. Leur importance quant à l'irrigation de la main est exposée. Outre la division des paumes amputées transversalement en 4 types, le programme de réparation de vaisseaux dans les 4 types d'amputations obliques communes de la paume et aussi discuté.

     

Generation and partial characterization of eosinophil chemotactic activity and neutrophil chemotactic activity during early and late-phase asthmatic response

Asthma has been recognized to consist of hyperresponsive airways and cellular inflammation. Allergen bronchoprovocation (BPC) may define the early (EAR) and late-phase asthmatic response (LAR). The LAR has now been associated with increased nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness and cellular inflammation consisting of neutrophils and eosinophils. We used BPC to demonstrate EAR and LAR in 12 subjects with seasonal allergic asthma. One normal subject and one subject with asthma who had been treated with allergy immunotherapy were challenged but did not respond. Plasma was sampled at frequent intervals during these aeroallergen challenges and assayed for eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) and neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA). Of the 12 subjects with asthma who were challenged, nine had dual responses (both EAR and LAR), and three subjects demonstrated only an LAR. Those subjects who had dual airway responses had biphasic rises in both ECA (early = 267 +/- 28%; late = 286 +/- 28%) and NCA (early = 279 +/- 24%; late = 215 +/- 15%) in their plasma, whereas those subjects who demonstrated only an LAR had only a late rise in ECA (218 +/- 61%) and NCA (188 +/- 31%). The two individuals who did not respond to aeroallergen challenge demonstrated no change in their plasma chemotactic activity toward either eosinophils or neutrophils. Those individuals with the most severe LAR (greater than or equal to 1,000 mm2) had combined ECA plus NCA peak values of greater than 500%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Antimicrobial Activities of Skincare Preparations from Plant Extracts

In this study, Tithonia diversifolia Helms. (A Gray), Aloe secundiflora (Miller) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) plant extracts were used to make herbal soaps while Thevetia peruviana (Schum) seed oil was used to make a herbal lotion for skincare. The soaps were tested for the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The lotion was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli. Although Tithonia diversifolia soap exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the test bacterial strains, it had the least inhibition against C. albicans. Results from this study indicated that the ‘Tithonia diversifolia’ soap would have superior skin protection against the tested bacteria but would offer the least skin protection against C. albicans. The herbal lotion inhibited S. aureus and E. coli in a concentration dependent manner, however, the inhibitory effect was more pronounced on S. aureus.     

Medullary serotonin neurons and central CO2 chemoreception

Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons are putative central respiratory chemoreceptors, aiding in the brain's ability to detect arterial changes in P_CO2 and implement appropriate ventilatory responses to maintain blood homeostasis. These neurons are in close proximity to large medullary arteries and are intrinsically chemosensitive in vitro, characteristics expected for chemoreceptors. 5-HT neurons of the medullary raphé are stimulated by hypercapnia in vivo, and their disruption results in a blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response. More recently, data collected from transgenic and knockout mice have provided further insight into the role of 5-HT in chemosensitivity. This review summarizes current evidence in support of the hypothesis that 5-HT neurons are central chemoreceptors, and addresses arguments made against this role. We also briefly explore the relationship between the medullary raphé and another chemoreceptive site, the retrotrapezoid nucleus, and discuss how they may interact during hypercapnia to produce a robust ventilatory response.     

谷氨酸脱羧酶抑制剂L-苹果酸对小鼠学习记忆的影响

跳台法和Y迷宫法试验表明,小鼠po L-苹果酸600mg·kg^-1连续5d后对记忆的获得、巩固和再现均有明显的改善作用,并能促进空间辨别学习能力;L-苹果酸改善记忆的作用能被NMDA受体拮抗剂氯胺酮所拮抗。脑内游离氨基酸测定显示,L-苹果酸可明显降低小鼠脑内GABA水平,提高Glu/GABA比值。实验结果表明,脑内GABA水平下降,Glu/GABA比值升高对学习记忆有正性调节作用。