Dietary patterns and health-related quality of life among Iranian adolescents

Quality of Life Research - Examining the associations of a-posteriori-defined dietary patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Iranian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was...     

Dietary patterns and anthropometric indices among Iranian women with major depressive disorder

Major depression is a common mental disorder among women. A number of studies have demonstrated the association between some nutrients and food items with depression, but the studies on the association of dietary patterns with depression, especially in the Middle East, are rare. Further, the literature examining the relationship between anthropometric status and depression are inconsistent. In this study, 45 women with major depression and 90 patients with no mental disorder participated. We collected dietary intakes by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and measured anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences). Using factor analysis, two major dietary patterns were extracted: Healthy and Unhealthy. After adjusting for confounders, individuals who gained higher scores in healthy dietary pattern, had 84% lower odds of major depression; while the odds of major depression in participants who gained higher scores in unhealthy dietary pattern showed no significant association. No significant association was found between anthropometric indices and major depression. These results suggest that the healthy dietary pattern is significantly associated with lower odds of major depression in adult women. Further researches are needed to confirm these findings.     

Validity of Energy Intake Reports in Relation to Dietary Patterns

The role of under- and overreporting of energy intake in determining the dietary patterns is yet unclear, especially in the Middle Eastern countries. This study identifies the prevalence of misreporting among Tehranian women aged 18-45 years and to compare the dietary intake patterns of plausible and all energy reporters. Dietary intakes and anthropometric data were collected. FitMate™ metabolic analyzer and Goldberg equation were used in determining the under/overreporting of energy intake. Underreporters were more likely to be overweight and older compared to plausible reporters. Three dietary patterns emerged for all reporters, and two were identified for plausible reporters. Using only plausible reporters to determine dietary patterns was not similar to using all reporters. The proportion of underreporters was 59.3% in the mixture cluster, 30.4% in the unhealthy cluster, and 35.3% in the healthy cluster (p<0.05). Underreporting of energy intake is not uniformly distributed among dietary pattern clusters and tends to be less severe among subjects in the unhealthy cluster. Our data suggested that misreporting of energy intake might affect the dietary pattern analysis.Key words: Dietary patterns, Energy underreporting, Validity, Women, Iran     

Major dietary patterns and risk of renal cell carcinoma in a prospective cohort of Swedish women

Links between specific foods and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not well established. Dietary patterns may be a better predictor of RCC risk. Our aim was to identify and examine major dietary patterns and their relation to the risk of RCC in a large prospective cohort study of Swedish women. Complete dietary information was available from a FFQ from 46,572 women aged 40-76 y at baseline. We conducted factor analysis to identify dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. During a mean of 14.3 y of follow-up, we identified 93 cases of RCC. We observed 3 major dietary patterns in the cohort: Healthy (vegetables, tomato, fish, fruits, poultry, whole grains), Western (sweets, processed meat, refined grains, margarine/butter, high-fat dairy products, fried potato, soft drinks, meat) and Drinker (wine, hard liquor, beer, snacks) pattern. Higher Healthy pattern scores were not significantly associated with decreased risk of RCC (highest vs. lowest tertile RR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.45-1.48 and RR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.27-1.10 among women < or = 65 y). There was a suggestion of an inverse association between the Drinker pattern and RCC risk (RR comparing the 2nd and 3rd with the first tertile, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.95; and 0.72; 95% CI, 0.42-1.22, respectively, P = 0.08 by Wald test); the association was clearer among women < or = 65 y (P = 0.02 by Wald test). Our data suggest an inverse association between Drinker pattern and the risk of RCC.     

Comparison study between the effect of oat and barley breads on serum glucose and lipid profiles in dyslipidemic and type 2 diabetic subjects: a short-term trial

This study compares the effects of oat and barley bread on lipid profiles and blood glucose of type 2 diabetic patients. In a cross-over short-term trial, 36 type 2 diabetic patients having one lipid parameters out of the normal limit were randomly assigned into two bread groups. They were given 250?g oat or barley bread daily for 3?weeks. A total of 5?cc of venous blood was drawn before, after 10?days and at the end of the trial for respective assays. After a washout period of 3?weeks, patients were moved into the other bread group and all steps of the previous phase were accomplished similarly. A 3-day food recall questionnaire was completed on the 1st, 10th and 21st days of both phases of the trial. Findings indicated that all of the metabolic and anthropometric indicators were improved in both groups except waist to hip ratio. The mean differences in fasting serum glucose (FSG) in the barley group and the oat bread groups were 32?±?2.7 and 6.2?±?9.2?mg/dl; the mean differences for serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in the barley group and the oat bread groups were 9.2?±?1.8 and 1.34?±?0.2?mg/dl, respectively. The trend in the differences in the FSG and the HDL-c were significant between the two groups (P?=?0.001). This study showed that both oat and barley bread are effective for improvement of anthropometric and metabolic indicators, and that the beneficial effects of oat bread in reducing blood glucose and HDL was higher than for barley bread.     

Healthy Eating Index-2010 and Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a case–control study

Abstract

Background: Several studies have examined the relationship between diet quality indices and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, data on the association of these indices and colorectal adenomas (CRA) as a precursor of CRC are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) with CRC and CRA risk.

Methods: This is a hospital-based case–control study including 259 cases (129 CRC and 130 CRA patients) and 240 controls with non-neoplastic conditions. Dietary intake of subjects was examined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The HEI-2010 and MSDPS were then calculated based on a-priori methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between HEI-2010 and MSDPS and the risk of CRC and CRA.

Results: After adjustment for confounders, compared with the first tertiles, the highest tertiles of HEI-2010 and MSDPS were significantly associated with lower odds of CRC (OR?=?0.04; 95% CI?=?0.01–0.12, OR?=?0.19; 95% CI?=?0.09–0.38, respectively). Similarly, the highest tertiles of HEI-2010 (OR?=?0.04; 95% CI?=?0.08–0.32) and MSDPS (OR?=?0.19; 95% CI?=?0.17–0.58) were associated with reduced odds of CRA compared to the lowest tertiles.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that a high-quality diet assessed by HEI-2010 and MSDPS is inversely associated with the risk of CRC and CRA.     

Nutrient patterns and risk of cataract: a case-control study

AIM: To assess the relation between nutrient patterns and cataract risk. METHODS: This is a hospital-based case-control study with 97 cataract patients and 198 matched controls. Dietary consumption was collected through a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were detected by applying factor analysis. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio (ORs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: We extracted 5 main nutrient patterns. Factor 1 included niacin, thiamin, carbohydrates, protein, zinc, vitamin B6 and sodium (sodium pattern). Factor 2 was characterized by oleic acid, monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, linoleic acid, trans fatty acid, linolenic acid, vitamin E and saturated fats (fatty acid pattern). The third factor represented high intake of vitamin B12, vitamin D, cholesterol and calcium (mixed pattern). The 4th pattern was high in intake of beta and alpha carotene, vitamin A and vitamin C (antioxidant pattern). Finally, the 5th pattern loaded heavily on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (omega-3 pattern). In crude and multivariate analysis, the sodium pattern was associated with increased risk of cataract (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.09-3.96). The fatty acid pattern elevated the risk of cataract (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.1-3.86). Antioxidant pattern was associated with a significant 79% reduced risk (2nd category compared with the 1st). Omega-3 pattern was significantly negatively associated with risk of cataract (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: These findings imply that nutrient patterns reflecting a combined consumption of nutrients might be important in the etiology of cataract. Additional studies with more efficient designs are warranted to confirm our findings.     

Nutrient patterns and asthenozoospermia: a case–control study

The association of dietary nutrient patterns and sperm motility is not yet well elucidated, and previous studies have just focused on the isolated nutrients. This case–control study examined the association of nutrient patterns with asthenozoospermia among Iranian men. In total, 107 incident asthenozoospermic men and 235 age‐matched controls were interviewed through the infertility clinics in Tehran, Iran, from January 2012 to November 2013. Semen quality data were analysed according to the fifth edition of WHO guideline. Nutrient patterns were identified using principal component analysis based on semiquantitative 168‐item food frequency questionnaires. All nutrient intakes were energy‐adjusted by the residual method. In principal component analysis, three dietary patterns emerged. The first pattern, which was high in vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, folate, total fibre, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids, was significantly associated with lower risk of asthenozoospermia. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of the first pattern scores had 51% lower risk of asthenozoospermia compared with those in the lowest (p‐trend: .004). Our findings suggest that adherence to the pattern comprising mainly of antioxidant nutrients may be inversely associated with asthenozoospermia.     

Dietary Patterns in Relation to Bone Mineral Density Among Menopausal Iranian Women

Our aim was to determine if zoledronic acid (ZA) changes ⁴⁵Ca pharmacokinetics and bone microstructure in irradiated, ovary-intact (I) and irradiated, ovariectomized mice (OVX), two groups with different patterns of skeletal damage. The hind limbs of I and OVX BALB/c mice received a single 16-Gy radiation dose, simulating pre- and postmenopausal female cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment. All I and OVX mice were radiolabeled with 15 μCi ⁴⁵Ca. Mice were treated with or without a 0.5 mg/kg injection of ZA. The time course of bone mineral remodeling was evaluated using a fecal ⁴⁵Ca assay, measured by liquid scintillation. A group of nonirradiated, intact mice were used for the longitudinal evaluation of ⁴⁵Ca biodistribution. Distal femur bone histomorphometric parameters were measured using microCT at 50 days post–ZA intervention. Most ⁴⁵Ca was incorporated into the skeleton and eliminated from the soft tissues within 3–5 days postirradiation, attaining a steady state of excretion at 25–30 days. ZA intervention in both groups resulted in a rapid decrease in fecal ⁴⁵Ca excretion. There was a significant difference in ⁴⁵Ca excretion in the OVX ± ZA (P = 0.005) group but not in the I ± ZA (P = 0.655) group. The rate of excretion of fecal ⁴⁵Ca was slower in the OVX + ZA compared to the I + ZA group (P = 0.064). ⁴⁵Ca assay is useful to monitor the time course of bone mineral remodeling after an antiresorptive intervention in irradiated mice, providing a basis to investigate bone effects of cancer therapy protocols. For equivalent doses of ZA, recovery may depend on the nature and degree of skeletal damage.