Major Dietary Patterns in Relation to General and Central Obesity among Chinese Adults

Limited evidence exists for the association between diet pattern and obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. In the present study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data from 474,192 adults aged 30–79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank baseline survey. Food consumption was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis combined with cluster analysis. After being adjusted for potential confounders, individuals following a traditional southern dietary pattern had the lowest body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); the Western/new affluence dietary pattern had the highest BMI; and the traditional northern dietary pattern had the highest WC. Compared to the traditional southern dietary pattern in multivariable adjusted logistic models, individuals following a Western/new affluence dietary pattern had a significantly increased risk of general obesity (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.08) and central obesity (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06–1.08). The corresponding risks for the traditional northern dietary pattern were 1.05 (1.02–1.09) and 1.17 (1.25–1.18), respectively. In addition, the associations were modified by lifestyle behaviors, and the combined effects with alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and physical activity were analyzed. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the diet-obesity relationships.     

藏族和汉族上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根的CBCT对比研究

目的:比较藏族和汉族上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根数据,为临床提供参考。方法:随机收集藏族和汉族患者上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根CBCT图像440例,测量根长、弯曲度、弯曲位置、是否有第二近颊根(MB2)、MB-MB2距离。结果:藏族第一恒磨牙近中颊根长度较汉族长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。近中颊根根管弯曲度比较,藏汉族有统计学差异,汉族以2级(10°<根管弯曲度<30°)居多,而藏族不仅2级较多,3级(根管弯曲度>30°)也较汉族多。根管弯曲位置方面,汉族以根管中分的弯曲居多,而藏族不仅根管中分的弯曲较多,根管口和根尖弯曲也较多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。藏汉族的MB2发生率、MB-MB2距离比较差异无统计学意义。结论:藏族和汉族上颌第一恒磨牙近中颊根的根长、根管弯曲度、根管弯曲位置有差别,藏族牙根更长,弯曲度更大,特别是根尖区弯曲度,值得临床注意。而MB2发生率和MB-MB2距离藏汉族无差异。     

Genetics analysis of haptoglobin gene in Fujian Han nationality

To study the genetic features (characteristics) of haptoglobin gene, four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated. The phenotypes of the haptoglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The frequency of HP ¹ in the population of Fujian Han nationality accounted for 0.340, among which children, youths, middle aged and elder groups were 0.307, 0.338, 0.363 and 0.383, respectively. The Hp^0–0 phenotype frequency was 0.026 in which the four age groups accounted for 0.032, 0.046, 0.014 and 0.014, respectively. The frequency of Hp ¹ gene is rising with increasing age. The frequency of Hp^0–0 phenotype is highest in the middle aged group and then tends to drop with increasing age. __________ Translated from Journal of Fujian Medical University, 2007, 41(5): 452–453 [译自: 福建医科大学学报]     

人性化护理在产科病房的应用

随着护理学科的发展与人们物质水平的不断提高,人们对本以及与之密切相关的医疗服务特别是护理服务水平的需求越来越高,同时,伴随中外护理理念的不断交融,"人性照护"的护理模式被引入国内临床护理实践中[1].人性化护理是一种创造性的、个性化的、整体的、有效的护理模式,其目的是使病人在心理、社会、精神上处于满足而舒适的状态,减少或降低不适的程度,人性化护理更注意给予服务对象人性化的关怀和照顾,具体到临床工作中,要求护理人员更注重"以人为本"的整体护理[2],现将2005年以来我科实施人性化护理报告如下.     

慢性肾脏病患儿激素药服用依从性的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)患儿激素药服用依从性及其影响因素,寻求相应的护理对策。方法 2013年5月-12月对96例CKD患儿在出院期间激素药服用状况进行调查,并对影响因素进行分析。结果激素药服用不依从者50例,占52%。主要监护人、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、居住地、病程、住院次数、治疗方案认知情况不同的患儿服药依从性间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析表明患儿病程[OR=2.204,95%CI(1.253,3.875),P=0.006]、居住地[OR=2.615,95%CI(1.023,6.687),P=0.045]、母亲文化程度[OR=0.147,95%CI(0.028,0.788),P=0.025]为影响患儿服药依从性的独立因素。结论 CKD患儿激素药服用依从性现状不容乐观,应积极采取有针对性的护理干预,提高患儿激素服药依从性,从而达到有效控制疾病和延缓疾病进展的目的。     

杂交技术在法洛四联症中的应用

目的:总结杂交技术镶嵌治疗儿童法洛四联症(TOF)的经验。方法:外科术前介入治疗:3例有巨大体肺侧支(APCAs)的重症TOF在根治术前予以侧支血管堵塞术。外科术后镶嵌治疗:6例TOF根治术后残余分流,其中4例残余膜周部室间隔缺损,1例残余左室右房通道室间隔缺损,1例残余房间隔缺损,分别予以经导管残余心脏缺损封堵术。结果:3例有巨大APCAs的重症TOF在根治术前予以侧支血管堵塞术后随即进行外科手术,皆获得满意效果。6例TOF根治术后残余分流者行经导管封堵术封堵成功,随访无残余分流及心脏瓣膜异常,未出现心律失常。结论:杂交技术镶嵌治疗伴有巨大APCAs及术后存在残余分流的TOF安全、有效。     

500例合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒感染的危险因素分析

对河南新乡市５００例ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｃ（乙型肝炎核心抗体）筛检阴性的单采浆还输血球的合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染的危险因素进行单因素和多因素的分析。结果表明：献血时间、既往和本次谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）异常及静脉内注射史，在Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｅ回归模型的多因素分析中具有重要意义。献血次数、不同地区及血型也是不容忽视的危险因素（Ｐ＜０．０１）。调查中发现献血员中丙型肝炎抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）感染率为２１．０％，说明单采浆还输血球献血员为ＨＣＶ感染的高危人群。值得注意的是首次献血员的ＨＣＶ感染率为１０．３％，提示该地区呈ＨＣＶ地方性流行状态。未发现性别、年龄、职业、婚姻、家庭人口数同感染ＨＣＶ有关。     

肝脏动脉期强化病变的螺旋CT鉴别诊断

目的探讨螺旋cT动脉期强化肝脏病变的鉴别诊断,分析特征性的CT表现。方法60例72个肝脏动脉期强化病灶,除部分血管瘤随访证实外,其余均经手术病理证实。分析动脉期强化病灶的强化特点及各种动脉期异常强化病变的CT特征性表现。结果部分病变动脉期有较特征性的强化,部分病变动脉期强化无特征性,主要征象有：明显均匀强化（FNH、血管瘤）、病灶周围粗大的动脉（FNH,HCC）、病灶不均匀强化（HCC）、周边点状强化（血管瘤）、病灶内血管样强化（AML）。结论肝脏病变的动脉期强化特性对鉴别诊断有很大的价值。     

声带振动的二质量块-有限元模型

研究声带振动模型对揭示声带振动特性及理解声带振动的生理病理特征具有重要意义。本文结合非对称二质量块模型和有限元模型的优点,建立了声带振动的二质量块-有限元模型,并利用该模型实现了高速声门图的仿真。仿真结果表明,无论是正常声带的振动状态还是病理振动状态,输出结果都和实际声带振动特性相吻合。该模型为全面理解声带振动特性提供了一个崭新的工具