利用主客体分子包结现象选择分离蛇床子有效成分的方法

利用1,1,6-四苯基-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇(I)的包结能力,可简单而迅速地从蛇床子中选择分离出有效成分欧前胡素(2)和花椒毒素(3),收率分别为0.054%(2)和0.002%(3)。本文用UV,IR,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR验证了2和3的化学结构,并用HPLC检验了2和3的纯度。X-射线衍射晶体结构分析表明主体分子I与组分2靠氢键形成包结物,它们的摩尔比为1:2,氢键长为2.8612A。包结物晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为已P₂₁/C,晶胞参数:a=15.468(5)A,b=8.595(3)A,c=18.663(7)A,β=93.64(5)°,Z=4和R=0.088。     

豨莶脂溶性成分的研究

从豨莶(Siegesbeckia orientalis L.)的地上部分,分离出八个化合物,其中I和I根据理化性质和光谱数据确定其结构为ent-17-acetoxy-18-isobutyryloxy-16(α)-kauran-19-oicacid(I)和ent-17-ethoxy-16(α)-kauran-19-oicacid(II),均为新化合物,分别被命为豨莶酯酸(siegesesteric acid,I)和豨莶醚酸(siegesetheric acid,I)。其余化合物分别鉴定为腺梗豨莶萜醇酸(ent-16β,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oicacid,II),奇任醇(kirenol,IV,β-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙(β-sitosterolglucoside,V),二十一醇(heneicosanol,VI),花生酸甲酯(methyl arachidate,VII)和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,VII)。除奇任醇和β-谷甾醇外,均为首次从该植物中分得。     

癌基因c-erbB-2在膀胱移行细胞癌中的扩增

0　引言　为探讨癌基因 c- erb B- 2的扩增与膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)的关系 ,我们以斑点杂交的方法对 40例膀胱 TCC标本中 c- erb B- 2的扩增情况进行了检测 ,以期明确 c- erb B- 2扩增与膀胱 TCC病理分级及患者预后的关系 .1　材料和方法　 40例膀胱 TCC患者术后石蜡包埋标本 ,随访 5～ 10 a. 11例正常膀胱粘膜石蜡标本作为对照 . c- erb B-c DNA p CER2 0 4质粒由东京大学提供 ,Bothringer缺口平移 DNA标记试剂盒及 32 P标记 d CTP购于北京福瑞公司 .所有石蜡标本经脱蜡及蛋白酶消化 ,以酚 /氯仿抽提 DNA,乙醇沉淀 .每份样品取…     

Hemoglobin concentration in children in a malaria holoendemic area is determined by cumulated Plasmodium falciparum parasite densities.

In malaria holoendemic areas children are anemic, but the exact influence of falciparum malaria on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration remains largely unsettled. Prospective data were therefore collected in children < 24 months of age during five months in a Tanzanian village. Children with mean asymptomatic parasitemia > or = 400/microl had lower median Hb levels during the study than those with mean density < 400/microl. The difference was 9.7 g/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-17). In children with one or more clinical malaria episodes, the median Hb was 8.3 g/L (95% CI 0.9-16) lower than those without episode. If early treatment failure was recorded, the immediate effect on Hb was particularly important with a mean drop of 17 g/L. Interestingly, at study-end the Hb concentration represented a function of the area under the parasitemia curve (AUPC) during the previous five months, adjusting for age. In conclusion, stepwise deterioration in median Hb levels was found by asymptomatic parasitemia, clinical malaria episode, and most significantly, treatment failure.     

运动中跟腱断裂的原因及预防

目的:分析运动中跟腱断裂的原因和发生部位,找到预防的措施。方法:通过检索文献资料、调查访问和临床诊断等方法,对34例在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱断裂的个案进行分析。结果:34例全部为在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱急性闭合性断裂,其中30例为完全断裂,4例为不完全断裂。损伤的主要原因:①跟腱患有退行性病变,变得脆弱,易断裂。②跟腱部位过度疲劳。③热身活动不足。④技术动作不合理。⑤跟腱的退行性变化提前于肌肉造成的软组织活性不协调。⑥可能的原因:近几年来吃的转基因食品较多或吃的动物肉类所含激素成分较多,造成肌腱脆性增加。34例中有25例为跟腱中部断裂,占74%,即断点在跟腱止点上方3～5cm。34例中28例断端不整齐呈现马尾状,19例曾有慢性跟腱周围炎病史,且年龄平均在40岁以上。断裂部位集中,断裂类型较一致。结论:运动前应充分做好热身活动,防止运动中过度疲劳,严格控制营养素的摄取,尽量少补充含激素成分较多的肉类和转基因食品,以减少跟腱断裂情况的发生。     

Micronutrient and iron supplementation and effective antimalarial treatment synergistically improve childhood anaemia

The control of childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas is a major public health challenge for which an optimal strategy remains to be determined. Malaria prevention may compromise the development of partial immunity. Regular micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as an alternative but its effectiveness remains unsettled. We therefore conducted a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial with 207 Tanzanian children aged 5 months to 3 years on the efficacy of supervised supplementation of low-dose micronutrients including iron (Poly Vi-Sol with iron) three times per week, with an average attendance of >/= 90%. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level increased by 8 g/l more in children on supplement (95% CI 3-12) during the 5-month study. All age groups benefited from the intervention including severely anaemic subjects. The mean erythrocyte cell volume (MCV) increased but Hb in children >/= 24 months improved independently of MCV and no relation was found with hookworm infection. The data therefore suggest that micronutrients other than iron also contributed to Hb improvement. In the supplement group of children who had received sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) treatment, the mean Hb level increased synergistically by 22 g/l (95% CI 13-30) compared to 7 g/l (95% CI 3-10) in those without such treatment. Supplementation did not affect malaria incidence. In conclusion, micronutrient supplementation improves childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas and this effect is synergistically enhanced by temporary clearance of parasitaemia.     

地高辛抗血清对老龄大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤影响的体外实验

目的:观察内洋地黄素水平在老龄大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的变化以及地高辛抗血清的保护作用。方法:实验于2005-04/05在皖南医学院病理生理教研室完成。取10只24月龄和10只6月龄雄性普通级SD大鼠,分别制备青年和老龄大鼠心肌细胞匀浆,老龄和成年大鼠为两大组,每组分为7小组,即每只大鼠心肌随机分到各小组中,共计14小组,每组10支试管。正常对照组:给予CO2和O2的混合气体(1∶19)通气40min;缺氧复氧组:CO2,O2,N2混合气体(5∶4∶91)通气20min后换成CO2和O2的混合气体(1∶19)通气20min;阴性对照组:同缺氧复氧组,但于再给氧前加入0.1mL的非特异性灭活兔血清;地高辛抗血清组:同缺氧复氧组,但于再给氧前加入0.1mL的非特异性地高辛抗血清(分别为1∶90000,60000,30000,10000)。观察大鼠心肌细胞钠-钾-三磷酸腺苷酶活性和线粒体内钙聚集程度,分析其剂量-效应关系。结果:①缺氧复氧时,青年组和老龄组大鼠心肌分泌内洋地黄素均显著升高,但老龄组显著低于青年组[(0.081±0.03),(0.153±0.06);(0.074±0.04),(0.125±0.05)ng/g;P<0.05]。②缺氧复氧时,老龄组与青年组心肌细胞钠-钾-三磷酸腺苷酶活性显著受抑制[(0.239±0.015),(0.778±0.050);(0.350±0.047),(0.836±0.044)μkat/g;P<0.05],老龄组与青年组相比,其抑制效应显著增强(P<0.05)。③缺氧复氧时,老龄组线粒体内钙与青年组比较明显增强[(0.082±0.011),(0.495±0.095);(0.075±0.008),(0.412±0.084)mmol/L,P<0.05]。④老龄组和青年组相比,地高辛抗血清呈剂量依赖性的恢复钠-钾-三磷酸腺苷酶活性(r=0.695,0.797,n=5,P<0.05),减轻线粒体内钙聚集(r=-0.565,-0.649,n=5,P<0.05);经直线回归分析发现,老龄鼠回归系数大于青年组(酶活性抑制K=1.50,0.94,线粒体内钙K=-7.43,-6.46)。结论:心肌细胞缺氧复氧时,老龄鼠损伤较青年大鼠更显著,其机制与老龄大鼠心肌细胞钠-钾-三磷酸腺苷酶对内洋地黄素敏感性增加有关,地高辛抗血清对老龄大鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧保护作用更有效。     

血管紧张素原基因5’端启动子区A-20C和A-6G单核苷酸多态性与蒙古族人群原发性高血压的相关性

目的:分析血管紧张素原基因启动子区A-20C和A-6G单核苷酸多态性与蒙古族人群原发性高血压的相关性。方法:实验于2005-08/2006-01在北京华大实验室完成。选取对象均为生活在内蒙古乌拉特后旗的蒙古族牧民,三代血亲内无其他民族。采用基因测序技术对内蒙古蒙古族人群中107例原发性高血压患者和108例正常对照者进行A-20C和A-6G基因分型,观察高血压组和正常对照组不同基因型的分布和等位基因频率的差异。结果:①两组受试者在性别、年龄及吸烟、饮酒、体质量指数和临床化验检查指标有较好的匹配(P均>0.05)。②两组血管紧张素原基因A-20C位点AA,AC,CC基因型频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.51,0.29,0.20;正常对照组分别为0.49,0.28,0.23,χ2=0.395,P=0.529)。A,C等位基因频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.65,0.35;正常对照组分别为0.63,0.37,χ2=0.015,P=0.904)。③两组血管紧张素原基因A-6G位点AA,AG,GG基因型频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.50,0.33,0.17;正常对照组分别为0.55,0.34,0.11,χ2=1.924,P=0.165)。A,G等位基因频率比较差异无显著性意义(高血压组分别为0.66,0.34;正常对照组分别为0.72,0.28,χ2=1.728,P=0.189)。④高血压组协同存在血管紧张素原基因A-20C基因型CC时,血管紧张素原基因A-6G基因型GG频率稍高于正常对照组,但差异无显著性意义(χ2=2.395,P=0.122,OR=7.52,95%CI0.014～1.250),高血压组G等位基因明显高于正常对照组(分别为0.37,0.22,χ2=4.658,P=0.034),携带该等位基因的蒙古族人群发生原发性高血压的相对危险度升高(OR=2.80,95%CI1.087～7.271)。结论:血管紧张素原基因A-20C和A-6G单核苷酸多态性与蒙古族人群原发性高血压相关,并可能具有协同作用。