Checklist para pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en consulta telemática

Las circunstancias actuales provocadas por la COVID-19 nos obligan a los profesionales de atención primaria a idear nuevas formas de garantizar la atención sanitaria de nuestros pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Existen evidencias que respaldan la eficacia de la telemedicina en el control glucémico de los pacientes con DM2. Ante la rápida adaptación de la práctica clínica al uso de la telemedicina, el Grupo de Trabajo de Diabetes de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SemFyC) optó por elaborar un documento de consenso plasmado en un algoritmo de actuación/seguimiento telemático en la atención de los pacientes con DM2.Palabras clave: Telemedicina, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, COVID-19     

Antioxidant effects in the quinone fraction from Auxemma oncocalyx TAUB

In previous studies in vitro we showed that the quinone fraction (QF) from the heartwood of Auxemma oncocalyx TAUB. presented antiplatelet and antioxidant activities. In the present work, the QF antioxidant property was evaluated in models of CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, and prolongation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice. Our results showed that levels of plasma glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT), as well as glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (GOT), were increased by the administration of CCl(4). On the other hand, only GPT levels were reduced by the QF treatment. Pentobarbital sleeping time was prolonged by the administration of CCl(4) and reduced by the QF treatment. Moreover, QF did not alter the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. In conclusion, we showed that QF, represented mainly by oncocalyxone A, has hepatoprotective activity, and this effect is at least in part due to the antioxidant activity of this quinone.     

Psychopathological dimensions in first-episode psychoses. From the trunk to the branches and leaves

BACKGROUND: Dimensional frameworks for structuring psychopathology have been formulated in recent years to overcome classification problems of categorical approaches. However, few studies have addressed the dilemma of hierarchy within symptoms or dimensions in psychosis. METHODS: This study was designed to examine the hierarchical structure of psychopathological dimensions in first episode psychosis. The sample consisted of 94 first-episode patients psychosis. An exhaustive psychopathological assessment was carried out using the AMDP-system. Consecutive principal component analyses of AMDP symptoms, determining 'a priori' the number of factors to be extracted, were carried out. RESULTS: Following the track of the resulting factor analyses, a 'vertical hierarchical' framework was achieved. Our schema organized dimensions in a series of echelons in which lower tiers are subsumed as subsets of those assigned to higher ranks. In addition, a final model comprising 10 dimensions provided an 'horizontal' and multidimensional structure comprising all relevant psychopathological dimensions in first-episode psychosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed to a great extent the existence of a hierarchical organization within psychopathological dimensions in 'first-episode' psychosis. The present 'hierarchical and multidimensional' model of psychopathological dimensions allows for selection of the level of complexity of 'candidate phenotypes' to use in neurobiological research of psychosis.     

Remote ischemic preconditioning improves the survival of rat random-pattern skin flaps

Random-pattern flap transfer is one of the most popular procedures for covering soft tissue defects. Ischemic preconditioning is a protective endogenous mechanism capable of reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, and it has been shown that preconditioning by proximal pedicle clamping can improve flap survival. However, the method is not suitable for random-pattern flap transfer in the clinical setting. The present study evaluates the effect of ischemic preconditioning of Wistar rat hind limbs upon dorsal random-pattern skin flap survival. Ischemic preconditioning was induced by ischemia of the right hind limb during 10 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Thirty-two animals were divided in two groups. In group 1, a dorsal random-pattern skin flap measuring 2 × 7 cm was raised immediately after the induction of ischemic preconditioning. The animals in group 2 (controls) received the same treatment, but without ischemic preconditioning. The survival area was defined as the surface of the viable tissue (square centimeter) on the fifth postoperative day. The average survival area was 6.57 ± 0.18 cm² in group 1 and 4.44 ± 0.21 cm² in group 2. All preconditioned animals presented significantly higher flap survival areas than the controls (p ≤ 0.01, Student’s t test). Our findings show that flap necrosis was reduced by the induction of ischemic preconditioning in a body area distant from the flap harvest site, and that ischemic preconditioning has a systemic protective effect on dorsal random-pattern skin flaps and increase survival. A better understanding of the mechanism involved may improve the clinical condition of patients requiring random-pattern skin flap transfer, especially in high-risk groups.     

Inactivated PCV2 one shot vaccine applied in 3-week-old piglets: improvement of production parameters and interaction with maternally derived immunity

The present study describes the effects of a commercially available vaccine against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on clinical, pathological and virological outcomes of 3-week-old piglets from two farms with a clinical history of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was a controlled, double-blinded, parallel group (1:1) and randomized trial (with a negative control) involving a total of 1239 animals. The study period comprised from weaning age (time of vaccination or PBS inoculation) until the first shipment of pigs to the slaughterhouse. The vaccine product was able to reduce clinical signs, PCV2 viral load in sera and faeces, and overall mortality in nurseries and fattening units. Moreover, average daily gain was significantly higher in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated piglets during the trial period. On the other hand, it was shown that maternally derived antibodies interfered with the development of an active humoral immune response after PCV2 vaccination.     

ABH and Lewis antigen distributions in blood, saliva and gastric mucosa and H pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients

AIM:To investigate the ABH and Lewis antigen expres-sion in erythrocytes,saliva and gastric epithelium,aswell as the association between H pylori and the pres-ence of gastric epithelial lesions.METHODS:The distribution of ABH and Lewis bloodgroup antigens in erythrocytes,saliva and gastric mu-cosa of H pylori-infected gastric ulcer patients was ana-lyzed.Forty-two patients with gastric ulcer were studied,and fifty healthy individuals were used as control group.The blood group antigens were determined by directhemagglutination,dot-ELISA and immunohistochemi-cal methods in erythrocytes,saliva and gastric mucosaspecimens,respectively.Diagnosis for H pylori infectionwas performed by conventional optical microscopy andELISA.RESULTS:A higher seroprevalence of IgG H pylori spe-cific antibodies was observed in gastric ulcer patients(90%)compared to the control group(60%).We ob-served a significant increase of phenotypes O,A_2 andLewis b in H pylori-infected patients.The expression ofthese antigens had progressive alterations in areas of ul-cerous lesions and intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION:ABH and Lewis blood group antigensare a good indicator for cellular alterations in the gastricepithelium.