顺铂聚乳酸微球的药物释放特性及肝动脉栓塞研究

对顺铂聚乳酸微球进行了体外药物释放和家犬肝动脉栓塞研究。该微球粒径范围为50～200μm,平均粒径为115.76±35.94μm,顺铂含量为37.16%(W/W);体外药物释放机制符合Higuchi方程;肝动脉栓塞后8h,肝组织顺铂浓度高达21.55±12.18μg/g,明显高于肝动脉灌注顺铂组:3.16±0.09μg/g(P<0.05);肝动脉栓塞组的顺铂血浓峰值、各取血点浓度及曲线下面积AUC皆低于肝动脉灌注顺铂组。可望达到提高栓塞部位的药物疗效,降低全身毒副反应的作用。     

2-甲酰(乙酰)取代喹啉缩氨基硫脲的合成

缩氨基硫脲类化合物有抗肿瘤、抗病毒和抗菌等多种药理活性。Barret等首次报道了乙二醛二缩氨基硫脲(Ⅰ)的抗疟活性。Klayman等研究了缩     

Sequencing of the alpha-synuclein gene in a large series of cases of familial Parkinson's disease fails to reveal any further mutations. The European Consortium on Genetic Susceptibility in Parkinson's Disease (GSPD)

A mutation in exon 4 of the human alpha-synuclein gene was reported recently in four families with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to examine whether mutations in this exon or elsewhere in the gene are common in familial PD, all seven exons of the alpha- synuclein gene were amplified by PCR from index cases of 30 European and American Caucasian kindreds affected with autosomal dominant PD. Each product was sequenced directly and examined for mutations in the open reading frame. No mutations were found in any of the samples examined. We conclude that the A53T change described in the alpha- synuclein gene is a rare cause of PD or may even be a rare variant. Mutations in the regulatory or intronic regions of the gene were not excluded by this study.      

Effects of perioperative immunostimulating nutritional therapy on the phagocytic activity of blood platelets in patients with various clinical stages of gastric cancer

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the total blood platelets count, fraction of phagocytizing thrombocytes (PhT%), and phagocytic index of thrombocytes (PhIT) in gastric cancer considering the stage of the disease, and perioperative immunonutrition support.MethodsOur study included 44 patients operated for gastric cancer divided into 2 groups depending on the clinical stage, and 40 healthy volunteers –a control group. Group I included 18 patients with stage I-III locoregional malignancies and Group II included 26 patients with stage IV peritoneal dissemination. All patients received immunonutrition during the perioperative period. The phagocytic activity of blood platelets was assessed by measuring PhT% and PhIT prior to and after nutritional therapy.ResultsIn Group I, the pre-treatment PhT% and PhIT amounted to 1.08 and 0.99, respectively, and 1.26, and 1.1 after the therapy (p<0.01). In Group II, pre-treatment PhT% and PhIT were 1.12 and 0.97, after 1.18 and 1.06, respectively (p<0.05). In the controls, PhT% and PhIT were 2.26 and 1.83, respectively, significantly higher comparing to gastric cancer patients (p<0.01).ConclusionSevere impairment of the thrombocyte phagocytic activity in gastric cancer patients has been found. Phagocytic activity of blood platelets was partially improved as a result of perioperative immunonutrition both in locoregional disease and in peritoneal dissemination.     

Population sub-structuring among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trypanosoma evansi</Emphasis> stocks

To investigate the population genetic structure of Trypanosoma evansi from domesticated animals, we have analysed 112 stocks from camels, buffaloes, cattle and horses using the tandemly repeated coding sequence (MORF2) and minisatellite markers 292 and cysteine-rich acidic integral membrane protein (CRAM). We recorded a total of six alleles at the MORF2 locus, seven at 292 and 12 at the CRAM loci. Nei’s genetic distance showed reduced allelic diversity between buffaloes and cattle stocks (1.2) as compared to the diversity between camels and buffaloes (3.75) and camels and cattle stock (1.69). The mean index of association (I _A = 0.92) significantly deviated from zero, and the average number of multilocus genotypes (G/N ratio) was 0.21. Twenty-four multilocus genotypes were defined from the combination of alleles at the three loci. The Kenyan sub-populations showed F _st = 0.28 and analysis of molecular variance showed significant divergence (22.7%) between the Laikipia, Kulal and Galana regions. The regional and host distribution of multi-locus genotypes significant population differentiation and high Nei’s genetic distances suggest existence of genetic sub-structuring within T. evansi stocks while the few multi-locus genotypes and deviation of association index from zero indicate the lack of recombination. In conclusion, this study reveals that some genetic sub-structuring does occur within T. evansi, which has a clonal population structure.     

A light-driven rhythm in neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the chicken retina

Purpose: To determine if the pattern of release of neurotensin from the enkephalin-, neurotensin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in response to light and dark is the same as that of the enkephalins and somatostatin. Methods/Results: Both the enkephalins and somatostatin are released at high rates in the dark and at lower rates in the light, and these rate changes are reflected in increasing intracellular levels of the peptides in vivo in the light and decreasing levels in the dark The levels of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity show a similar diurnal light-driven and non-circadian rhythm in vivo. Conclusion: This implies that the actual release rates of neurotensin follow the same patterns as those demonstrated in vitro for the enkephalins and somatostatin.     

中药抗HIV的有效活性成分的研究进展

0 引言 艾滋病又称为获得性免疫缺陷综合征（Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndroma,AIDS）,是继癌症之后严重威胁人类健康和生存的一种传染性疾病．据联合国艾滋病规划署2008-07-29发布的报告,目前全球约有3300多万人感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）．在我国,艾滋病流行形势也十分严峻．引起艾滋病的病原体是人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immuno—deficiency Virus,HIV）,或称为艾滋病病毒．HIV侵入人体后主要破坏人体的免疫系统,使人体发生多种难以治愈的感染和肿瘤,     

可溶性抗HAV抗体Fab片段的原核表达

0　引言　甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV)是危害人类健康的致病原之一 ,目前已有多种用于接触前预防的甲肝疫苗 ;但对于接触后预防或短期到 HAV高流行区的旅游者的预防 ,则多采用免疫球蛋白作被动免疫 .在接触后 (14d内 )和潜伏期早期 ,注射免疫球蛋白预防甲肝的有效率达 85 %左右 .血源性免疫球蛋白虽然效价高 ,应用效果好 ,但可能被血源病原体污染 .因此基因工程人源抗体有望成为接触后预防的首选制剂 .我们从人源噬菌体抗体组合文库中筛选到一株甲肝特异性抗体 [1 ] ,在此基础上构建了可溶性表达载体 ,并获得可溶性表达 ,为该抗体的进一步研究打…     

Termination of Pregnancy in First Trimester - Medical Option

Background

The objective of this study was to confirm the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate and misoprostol or misoprostol alone for abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation.

Methods

A group of volunteer patients desiring MTP with gestations up to 84 days (12 weeks) were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients with gestation up to 56 days were further subdivided as (a) Patients who received methotrexate 50 mg IM + misoprostol 800 gms intravaginal and (b) patients who only received 800 gms of misoprostol. Group 2 included the patients who were 8-12 weeks pregnant and they received same treatment as group 1 (b). Outcome measures assessed included successful abortion (complete abortion without need for surgery), side effects, decrease in hemoglobin and mean duration of vaginal bleeding.

Results

Complete abortion occurred in 36 (90%) of 40 patients in group 1 (a), 10 (67%) of 15 patients in group 1(b) and 29 (83%) of 35 patients in group 2. There were only 2 patients with clinically significant decrease in hemoglobin, but none required transfusions. Vaginal bleeding lasted 15 ± 6 days in group 1 (a), 16 ± 6 days in group 1(b) and 16 ± 5 days in group 2. All the patients stopped bleeding when endometrial thickness was < 5mm. Five percent women had stomatitis after methotrexate and 44% patients had fever with chills after misoprostol administration.

Conclusion

Considering the low cost and availability of methotrexate and misoprostol, these drugs constitute a good alternative for medical abortion. They are safe and effective.Key Words: Methotrexate, Misoprostol, MTP, Induced abortion