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1.
Cheryl Cohen Meredith L. McMorrow Neil A. Martinson Kathleen Kahn Florette K. Treurnicht Jocelyn Moyes Thulisa Mkhencele Orienka Hellferscee Limakatso Lebina Matebejane Moroe Katlego Motlhaoleng Francesc Xavier GmezOliv Ryan Wagner Stephen Tollman Floidy Wafawanaka Sizzy Ngobeni Jackie Kleynhans Azwifari Mathunjwa Amelia Buys Lorens Maake Nicole Wolter Maimuna Carrim Stuart Piketh Brigitte Language Angela Mathee Anne von Gottberg Stefano Tempia for the PHIRST group 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2021,15(6):789
PurposeThe PHIRST study (Prospective Household cohort study of Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial virus, and other respiratory pathogens community burden and Transmission dynamics in South Africa) aimed to estimate the community burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) including the incidence of infection, symptomatic fraction, and to assess household transmission.ParticipantsWe enrolled 1684 individuals in 327 randomly selected households in a rural and an urban site over three consecutive influenza and two RSV seasons. A new cohort of households was enrolled each year. Participants were sampled with nasopharyngeal swabs twice‐weekly during the RSV and influenza seasons of the year of enrolment. Serology samples were collected at enrolment and before and after the influenza season annually.Findings to DateThere were 122 113 potential individual follow‐up visits over the 3 years, and participants were interviewed for 105 783 (87%) of these. Out of 105 683 nasopharyngeal swabs, 1258 (1%) and 1026 (1%) tested positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza viruses and RSV, respectively. Over one third of individuals had PCR‐confirmed influenza each year. Overall, there was influenza transmission to 10% of household contacts of an index case.Future PlansFuture planned analyses include analysis of influenza serology results and RSV burden and transmission. Households enrolled in the PHIRST study during 2016–2018 were eligible for inclusion in a study of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission initiated in July 2020. This study uses similar testing frequency to assess the community burden of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the role of asymptomatic infection in virus transmission. 相似文献
2.
The effects of the attributable fraction and the duration of symptoms on burden estimates of influenza‐associated respiratory illnesses in a high HIV prevalence setting,South Africa, 2013‐2015
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Stefano Tempia Sibongile Walaza Jocelyn Moyes Adam L. Cohen Claire von Mollendorf Meredith L. McMorrow Sarona Mhlanga Florette K. Treurnicht Marietjie Venter Marthi Pretorius Orienka Hellferscee Nicole Wolter Anne von Gottberg Arthemon Nguweneza Johanna M. McAnerney Halima Dawood Ebrahim Variava Shabir A. Madhi Cheryl Cohen 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2018,12(3):360-373
Background
The attributable fraction of influenza virus detection to illness (INF‐AF) and the duration of symptoms as a surveillance inclusion criterion could potentially have substantial effects on influenza disease burden estimates.Methods
We estimated rates of influenza‐associated influenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe acute (SARI‐10) or chronic (SCRI‐10) respiratory illness (using a symptom duration cutoff of ≤10 days) among HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected patients attending 3 hospitals and 2 affiliated clinics in South Africa during 2013‐2015. We calculated the unadjusted and INF‐AF‐adjusted rates and relative risk (RR) due to HIV infection. Rates were expressed per 100 000 population.Results
The estimated mean annual unadjusted rates of influenza‐associated illness were 1467.7, 50.3, and 27.4 among patients with ILI, SARI‐10, and SCRI‐10, respectively. After adjusting for the INF‐AF, the percent reduction in the estimated rates was 8.9% (rate: 1336.9), 11.0% (rate: 44.8), and 16.3% (rate: 22.9) among patients with ILI, SARI‐10, and SCRI‐10, respectively. HIV‐infected compared to HIV‐uninfected individuals experienced a 2.3 (95% CI: 2.2‐2.4)‐, 9.7 (95% CI: 8.0‐11.8)‐, and 10.0 (95% CI: 7.9‐12.7)‐fold increased risk of influenza‐associated illness among patients with ILI, SARI‐10, and SCRI‐10, respectively. Overall 34% of the estimated influenza‐associated hospitalizations had symptom duration of >10 days; 8% and 44% among individuals aged <5 and ≥5 years, respectively.Conclusion
The marginal differences between unadjusted and INF‐AF‐adjusted rates are unlikely to affect policies on prioritization of interventions. HIV‐infected individuals experienced an increased risk of influenza‐associated illness and may benefit more from annual influenza immunization. The use of a symptom duration cutoff of ≤10 days may underestimate influenza‐associated disease burden, especially in older individuals. 相似文献3.
Enterovirus D68 and other enterovirus serotypes identified in South African patients with severe acute respiratory illness, 2009–2011
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4.
Janusz T. Pawska Veerle Msimang Joe Kgaladi Orienka Hellferscee Jacqueline Weyer Petrus Jansen van Vuren 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):3159
We detected Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) IgM and IgG in human serum samples collected during 2018–2019 in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Our results show recent RVFV circulation and likely RVFV endemicity in this tropical coastal plain region of South Africa in the absence of apparent clinical disease. 相似文献
5.
Fahima Moosa Stefano Tempia Jackie Kleynhans Meredith McMorrow Jocelyn Moyes Mignon du Plessis Maimuna Carrim Florette K. Treurnicht Orienka Helferscee Thulisa Mkhencele Azwifarwi Mathunjwa Neil A. Martinson Kathleen Kahn Limakatso Lebina Floidy Wafawanaka Cheryl Cohen Anne von Gottberg Nicole Wolter for the PHIRST Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2023,29(2):294
We conducted 3 prospective cohort studies (2016–2018), enrolling persons from 2 communities in South Africa. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected twice a week from participants. Factors associated with Bordetella pertussis incidence, episode duration, and household transmission were determined by using Poisson regression, Weibull accelerated time-failure, and logistic regression hierarchical models, respectively. Among 1,684 participants, 118 episodes of infection were detected in 107 participants (incidence 0.21, 95% CI 0.17–0.25 infections/100 person-weeks). Children <5 years of age who had incomplete vaccination were more likely to have pertussis infection. Episode duration was longer for participants who had higher bacterial loads. Transmission was more likely to occur from male index case-patients and persons who had >7 days infection duration. In both communities, there was high incidence of B. pertussis infection and most cases were colonized. 相似文献
6.
Adam L. Cohen Orienka Hellferscee Marthi Pretorius Florette Treurnicht Sibongile Walaza Shabir Madhi Michelle Groome Halima Dawood Ebrahim Variava Kathleen Kahn Nicole Wolter Anne von Gottberg Stefano Tempia Marietjie Venter Cheryl Cohen 《Emerging infectious diseases》2014,20(7):1162-1169
To determine clinical and epidemiologic differences between influenza caused by
different virus types and subtypes, we identified patients and tested specimens.
Patients were children and adults hospitalized with confirmed influenza and severe
acute respiratory illness (SARI) identified through active, prospective,
hospital-based surveillance from 2009–2012 in South Africa. Respiratory
specimens were tested, typed, and subtyped for influenza virus by PCR. Of 16,005 SARI
patients tested, 1,239 (8%) were positive for influenza virus. Patient age and
co-infections varied according to virus type and subtype, but disease severity did
not. Case-patients with influenza B were more likely than patients with influenza A
to be HIV infected. A higher proportion of case-patients infected during the first
wave of the 2009 influenza pandemic were 5–24 years of age (19%) than were
patients infected during the second wave (9%). Although clinical differences exist,
treatment recommendations do not differ according to subtype; prevention through
vaccination is recommended. 相似文献
7.
Stefano Tempia Jocelyn Moyes Adam L. Cohen Sibongile Walaza Ijeoma Edoka Meredith L. McMorrow Florette K. Treurnicht Orienka Hellferscee Nicole Wolter Anne von Gottberg Athermon Nguweneza Johanna M. McAnerney Halima Dawood Ebrahim Variava Cheryl Cohen 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2019,13(5):484-495
8.
Marthi A. Pretorius Stefano Tempia Florette K. Treurnicht Sibongile Walaza Adam L. Cohen Jocelyn Moyes Orienka Hellferscee Ebrahim Variava Halima Dawood Meera Chhagan Sumayya Haffjee Shabir A. Madhi Cheryl Cohen Marietjie Venter 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2014,8(5):567-573
Background
Rhinoviruses (RV) are a well-established cause of respiratory illness. RV-C has been associated with more severe illness. We aimed to characterize and compare the clinical presentations and disease severity of different RV type circulating in South Africa.Method
We performed two analyses of RV-positive specimens identified through surveillance in South Africa across all age groups. First, RV-positive specimens identified through severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance in four provinces was randomly selected from 2009 to 2010 for molecular characterization. Second, RV-positive specimens identified through SARI, influenza-like illness (ILI) and control surveillance at hospitals and outpatient clinics in during 2012–2013 were used to determine the association of RV type with severe disease. Selected specimens were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed.Results
Among the 599 sequenced specimens from 2009 to 2010 and 2012 to 2013, RV-A (285, 48%) and RV-C (247, 41%) were more commonly identified than RV-B (67, 11%), with no seasonality and a high genetic diversity. A higher prevalence of RV infection was identified in cases with SARI [515/962 (26%); aRRR = 1·6; 95% CI 1·21; 2·2] and ILI [356/962 (28%); aRRR = 1·9; 95% CI 1·37; 2·6] compared with asymptomatic controls (91/962, 22%). There was no difference in disease severity between the different type when comparing SARI, ILI and controls.Conclusion
All three type of RV were identified in South Africa, although RV-A and RV-C were more common than RV-B. RV was associated with symptomatic respiratory illness; however, there was no association between RV type and disease severity. 相似文献9.
Ziyaad Valley‐Omar Alicia Cloete Rene Pieterse Sibongile Walaza Yusrah Salie‐Bassier Mikhail Smith Nevashan Govender Mpho Seleka Orienka Hellferscee Phillip Senzo Mtshali Mushal Allam Arshad Ismail Tasneem Anthony Michelle Seutloali Kerrigan McCarthy Lesley van Helden Cheryl Cohen Florette Kathleen Treurnicht 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2020,14(3):266-273
10.
Nicole Wolter Maimuna Carrim Cheryl Cohen Stefano Tempia Sibongile Walaza Philip Sahr Linda de Gouveia Florette Treurnicht Orienka Hellferscee Adam L. Cohen Alvaro J. Benitez Halima Dawood Ebrahim Variava Jonas M. Winchell Anne von Gottberg 《Emerging infectious diseases》2016,22(1):131-133
During June 2012–September 2014, we tested patients with severe respiratory illness for Legionella spp. infection and conducted a retrospective epidemiologic investigation. Of 1,805 patients tested, Legionella was detected in samples of 21 (1.2%); most were adults who had HIV or tuberculosis infections and were inappropriately treated for Legionella. 相似文献