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Emma J. Walker Noni E. MacDonald Nehal Islam Nicole Le Saux Karina A. Top Deshayne B. Fell 《Vaccine》2019,37(13):1725-1735
Objective
To systematically review literature on uptake and timeliness of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, and/or polio-containing vaccines in infants who were born preterm, with a low birth weight, and/or with chronic health conditions that were diagnosed within the first 6?months of life.Methods
Using a standardized search strategy developed by a medical librarian, records were extracted from MEDLINE, Embase, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and CINAHL up to May 8, 2018.Results
Out of the 1997 records that were screened, we identified 21 studies that met inclusion criteria. Eleven studies assessed vaccine coverage and/or timeliness in preterm infants, 6 in low birth weight infants, and 7 in children with chronic health conditions. Estimates of coverage in these populations were highly variable, ranging from 40% to 100% across the vaccines and population groups.Conclusions
There is a lack of studies reporting coverage and timeliness of routine immunizations in special populations of children.Policy implications
Our review suggests a need for improved surveillance of immunization status in special populations of infants, as well as a need for standardization of reporting practices. 相似文献3.
Alexander Real Chierika Ukogu Divya Krishnamoorthy Nicole Zubizarreta Samuel K. Cho Andrew C. Hecht James C. Iatridis 《The spine journal》2019,19(2):225-231
Background Context
Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in clinical practice of multifactorial origin. Although obesity has been thought to contribute to LBP primarily by altering the distribution of mechanical loads on the spine, the additional contribution of obesity-related conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM) to LBP has not been thoroughly examined.Purpose
To determine if there is a relationship between DM and LBP that is independent of body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort of adult survey participants.Study Design
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to characterize associations between LBP, DM, and BMI in adults subdivided into 6 subpopulations: normal weight (BMI 18.5–25), overweight (BMI 25–30), and obese (BMI >30) diabetics and nondiabetics. Diabetes was defined with glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5%.Patient Sample
11,756 participants from NHANES cohort.Outcome Measures
Percentage of LBP reported.Methods
LBP reported in the 1999-2004 miscellaneous pain NHANES questionnaire was the dependent variable examined. Covariates included HbA1c, BMI, age, and family income ratio to poverty as continuous variables as well as race, gender, and smoking as binary variables. Individuals were further subdivided by weight class and diabetes status. Regression and graphical analyses were performed on the study population as a whole and also on subpopulations.Results
Increasing HbA1c did not increase the odds of reporting LBP in the full cohort. However, multivariate logistic regression of the 6 subpopulations revealed that the odds of LBP significantly increased with increasing HbA1c levels in normal weight diabetics. No other subpopulations reported significant relationships between LBP and HbA1c. LBP was also significantly associated with BMI for normal weight diabetics and also for obese subjects regardless of their DM status.Conclusions
LBP is significantly related to DM status, but this relationship is complex and may interact with BMI. These results support the concept that LBP may be improved in normal weight diabetic subjects with improved glycemic control and weight loss, and that all obese LBP subjects may benefit from improved weight loss alone. 相似文献4.
Katherine M. Duszynski Nicole L. Pratt John W. Lynch Jesia G. Berry Michael S. Gold 《Vaccine》2019,37(2):280-288
Objective
To determine whether differences in combination DTaP vaccine types at 2, 4 and 6?months of age were associated with mortality (all-cause or non-specific), within 30?days of vaccination.Design
Observational nationwide cohort study.Setting
Linked population data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register and National Death Index.Participants
Australian infants administered a combination trivalent, quadrivalent or hexavalent DTaP vaccine (DTaP types) between January 1999 and December 2010 at 2, 4 and 6?months as part of the primary vaccination series. The study population included 2.9, 2.6, & 2.3?million children in the 2, 4 and 6?month vaccine cohorts, respectively.Main outcome measures
Infants were evaluated for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality within 30?days. A secondary outcome was non-specific mortality (unknown cause of death) within 30?days of vaccination. Non-specific mortality was defined as underlying or other cause of death codes, R95 ‘Sudden infant death syndrome’, R96 ‘Other sudden death, cause unknown’, R98 ‘Unattended death’, R99 ‘Other ill-defined and unspecified cause of mortality’ or where no cause of death was recorded.Results
The rate of 30?day all-cause mortality was low and declined from 127.4 to 59.3 deaths per 100,000 person-years between 2 and 6?month cohorts. When compared with trivalent DTaP vaccines, no elevated risk in all-cause or non-specific mortality was seen with any quadrivalent or hexavalent DTaP vaccines, for any cohort.Conclusion
Use of routine DTaP combination vaccines with differing disease antigens administered during the first six months of life is not associated with infant mortality. 相似文献5.
6.
Jennifer L. Brown Lisa B. Haddad Nicole K. Gause Sarah Cordes Cecilia Bess Caroline C. King 《Women & health》2019,59(3):305-317
This study qualitatively examined factors that influenced contraceptive choices in a sample of young, HIV-infected women. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 vertically and horizontally HIV-infected women (n = 26 African American) from the ages of 14 to 24 years (Mean age = 20.9 years). We recruited sample groups with the following characteristics: (a) current contraceptive/condom use with ≥1 child (n = 11); (b) current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 12); and (c) no current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 7). A semi-structured interview guide was used to ask participants about factors influencing past and current contraceptive choices. Individual interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim; analyses to identify core themes were informed by the Grounded Theoretical approach. Young, HIV-infected women did not identify their HIV serostatus or disease-related concerns as influential in their contraceptive decisions. However, they reported that recommendations from health-care providers and input from family and friends influenced their contraceptive choices. They also considered a particular method’s advantages (e.g., menstrual cycle improvements) and disadvantages (e.g., increased pill burden) when selecting a method. Findings suggested that HIV-infected young women’s contraceptive decisions were influenced by factors other than those related to their infection. 相似文献
7.
Hypocretin/orexin selectively increases dopamine efflux within the prefrontal cortex: involvement of the ventral tegmental area. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hypocretins (HCRTs) modulate a variety of behavioral and physiological processes, in part via interactions with multiple ascending modulatory systems. Further, HCRT efferents from the lateral hypothalamus innervate midbrain dopamine (DA) nuclei, and DA cell bodies express HCRT receptors. Combined, these observations suggest that HCRT may influence behavioral state and/or state-dependent processes via modulation of DA neurotransmission. The current studies used in vivo microdialysis in the unanesthetized rat to first characterize the effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of HCRT-1 (0.07, 0.7 nmol) on extracellular levels of DA within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (Acc). Electroencephalographic/electromyographic measures of sleep-wake state were collected along with select behavioral measures (eg locomotor activity, grooming). HCRT-1 dose-dependently increased PFC dialysate DA levels, and these increases were closely correlated with increases in time spent awake. In contrast, Acc DA levels were unaffected. Additional studies examined whether HCRT-1 acts directly within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to selectively increase PFC DA efflux and modulate behavioral state. Unilateral infusion of HCRT-1 (0.1, 1.0 nmol) within the VTA increased PFC, but not Acc, DA levels. Importantly, intra-VTA infusion of HCRT-1 increased the time spent awake and grooming. Moreover, HCRT-induced increases in both time spent awake and time spent grooming were significantly correlated with post-infusion PFC DA levels. The current observations predict a prominent modulatory influence of HCRT on PFC-dependent cognitive and affective processes that results, in part, from actions within the VTA. Additionally, these observations suggest that the activation of VTA DA neurons contributes to the behavioral state-modulatory actions of HCRT. 相似文献
8.
Nicole Lewis James Dollman Michael Dale 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2007,10(6):418-427
Rising youth obesity is a serious public health concern. There is a widespread view that declining physical activity is contributing to this trend. A total of 929 young South Australians (age = 9–15 years) were surveyed in 1985 and 2004 on usual physical activity in several contexts, including attitudes to physical activity. Eight of 10 South Australian schools participating in the 1985 Schools Health and Fitness Survey were revisited in 2004. Comparisons were made on: organised sport, active transport, physical education (PE), playground activity, vigorous physical activity (VPA), total leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and attitudes to PE and school sport. The questionnaire and method of administration were identical in both surveys. There were no differences between surveys in club and school sport participation, walking to school, and reported enjoyment of PE and school sport. In 2004 fewer children rode to school, but PE classes were more frequent. The percentage of children who ‘sit and talk’ during school breaks had increased, with a decreased percentage of older girls who ‘run around’ during school breaks. There was a significantly higher LTPA in MET.min in 2004 for boys, which was particularly evident at higher percentiles. There were no changes in mean or distribution of LTPA for the whole sample or girls. The percentage of respondents reporting ≥3 bouts of VPA in the previous week rose from 51% (1985) to 76% (2004). There is no consistent evidence of declining physical activity among South Australian youth. It is apparent that physical activity in some contexts has declined, while in other contexts levels are the same or higher than in 1985. This underscores the complex nature of physical activity and the influences on this behaviour. 相似文献
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