Carotid Stent-Supported Angioplasty via Radiobrachial Route

Endovascular stent-supported angioplasty is a treatment option for atherosclerotic disease of the cervical internal carotid artery in high-risk patients. The traditional transfemoral approach is not suitable for patients who suffer from common femoral artery or abdominal aorta atheropathy. We report a case of carotid stent deployment using the radial route in a 68-year-old man with type B aortic dissection, having severe right internal carotid artery origin stenosis, presenting with ipsilateral retinal ischemic events. Technical aspects of carotid stenting via the radial approach are described and the related literature is discussed.     

Diagnosis of gastric carcinoma by classification on feature projections

A new classification algorithm, called benefit maximizing classifier on feature projections (BCFP), is developed and applied to the problem of diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The domain contains records of patients with known diagnosis through gastroscopy results. Given a training set of such records, the BCFP classifier learns how to differentiate a new case in the domain. BCFP represents a concept in the form of feature projections on each feature dimension separately. Classification in the BCFP algorithm is based on a voting among the individual predictions made on each feature. In the gastric carcinoma domain, a lesion can be an indicator of one of nine different levels of gastric carcinoma, from early to late stages. The benefit of correct classification of early levels is much more than that of late cases. Also, the costs of wrong classifications are not symmetric. In the training phase, the BCFP algorithm learns classification rules that maximize the benefit of classification. In the querying phase, using these rules, the BCFP algorithm tries to make a prediction maximizing the benefit. A genetic algorithm is applied to select the relevant features. The performance of the BCFP algorithm is evaluated in terms of accuracy and running time. The rules induced are verified by experts of the domain.     

HER2-targeted therapy reduces incidence and progression of midlife mammary tumors in female murine mammary tumor virus huHER2-transgenic mice.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effectiveness of early and prolonged mu4D5 (the murine form of trastuzumab/Herceptin) treatment in transgenic mice that overexpress human HER2 (huHER2), under the murine mammary tumor virus promoter, as a model of huHER2-overexpressing breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Mice were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups and received i.p. injections from 17 weeks of age until either 52 weeks of age or morbidity. Fourteen mice received 100 mg/kg mu4D5, 14 mice received 100 mg/kg antiherpes simplex virus glycoprotein D control antibody, and 11 mice received a diluent control. RESULTS: High levels of huHER2 expression were detectable in mammary glands of young virgin founder mice. Mammary adenocarcinomas were frequently found in female founders and progeny at an average age of 28 weeks, with some progressing to metastatic disease. The incidence of mammary tumors was significantly reduced, and tumor growth inhibition was observed in mice receiving mu4D5 compared with control mice. In addition, Harderian gland neoplasms, highly associated with overexpression of huHER2 in this transgenic line, were entirely absent in the mu4D5 treatment group, indicating down-regulation of huHER2 in vivo activity. CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention with mu4D5 was of benefit in our transgenic mice at high risk for developing huHER2-overexpressing breast cancer. This study suggests a potential benefit of early treatment with Herceptin in HER2-positive primary breast cancer.     

Primary nephrotic syndrome during childhood in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome (NS) during childhood. However, recent studies from different countries have reported an increasing incidence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in children. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which 392 Turkish children who were diagnosed with NS during the last 10 years and were followed for at least 2 years, were evaluated. Mean age of the study group was 4.6 +/- 3.4 years (range 0.9-16 years) and 232 were male and 160 were female. RESULTS: In total, 280 patients were diagnosed as MCNS with their initial presentations, laboratory features, and clinical course. Kidney biopsy was performed in the remaining 112 children according to current recommendations. The results showed that membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) was the most common histopathologic diagnosis, 38 (34%) of the 112 patients were found to have MPGN. The number diagnosed as FSGS was 26 (23%). A significant difference was found between the age groups for both MPGN and FSGS, the former being more common in children >6 years of age and the latter more frequent in children 相似文献   

非穿透性深度巩膜切除术+MMC Tenon囊下注射治疗开角型青光眼术后高阶像差变化的研究

目的：研究开角型青光眼患者非穿透性深层巩膜切除术后高阶像差的变化。

方法：研究包括20例患者20眼, 其中10例为原发性开角型青光眼, 10例为继发性开角型青光眼。患者术前接受非穿透性深层巩膜切除术,并辅以Tenon囊下注射(0.02% of MMC)。术前及术后1、3mo用i-Trace分析仪测定角膜总高阶像差。每次随访时评估眼压(IOP)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼泡形态。手术的成功率分为完全成功、相对成功和失败。

结果：术前IOP为24.05±3.07 mmHg,平均用药2.85±0.67次,随访3mo后,IOP为12.30±3.32 mmHg,平均用药0.70±0.98次。随访期间IOP均明显下降(P<0.001)。术后随访1mo,总高阶像差(HOT)均方根(RMS)和总球型像差值明显升高,3mo后下降。术后各时间段三叶肌和全眼昏迷样像差变化无统计学意义。术后1mo HOT RMS及球形角膜均明显增加,3mo随访后明显减少。术后角膜三叶肌变化与术前相比无统计学意义。患者年龄和IOP对HOT和角膜HOT的变化无显著影响。

结论：深度巩膜切除术后1mo内角膜和眼部高阶像差增加,3mo后下降,与术前相比无统计学意义。在3mo随访时,患者的BCVA和等效球镜(SE)与术前相比无统计学差异。     

Clinicopathological findings of a natural outbreak of Theileria annulata in cattle: an emerging disease in southern Iran

Theileriosis is an economically important hemoprotozoal disease with high morbidity and mortality in cattle. The present study reported the pathological features of a natural outbreak of tropical bovine theileriosis due to Theileria annulata in Fars Province, southern Iran. T. annulata was confirmed by the presence of T. annulata piroplasms in the blood smears and also by polymerase chain reaction test. On necropsy, pale mucous membranes and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in the mucosal and serosal surfaces together with lymphadenopathy were observed. The liver was friable, yellowish, and larger than normal. Hemorrhages and punched-out ulcers were observed in the abomasal mucous membrane. Severe petechial hemorrhages were seen in the skin particularly in the hairless areas. Pulmonary edema and emphysema with petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhagic foci in the lungs were evident. The main histological changes were proliferation of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and proliferation of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the spleen, Peyer's patches, portal tracts of the liver, and interstitial tissue of the kidneys. The mucous membrane of the abomasum showed numerous multifocal areas of necrosis and ulceration, and the submucosal area and lamina propria adjacent to these lesions showed hyperemia and hemorrhages, with mononuclear cell infiltration. The skin showed multifocal necrotic changes, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages, and chronic dermatitis. The schizonts of Theileria were evident in the cytoplasm of the lymphocytes and macrophages of the lymph nodes, spleen, and skin. Molecular examination revealed that these animals were infected with T. annulata. The present study describes the clinicopathological findings of bovine tropical theileriosis in an unpredictable weather condition.     

Accuracy of the Common Predictive Equations for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure among Normal and Overweight Girl University Students

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of commonly used predictive formulas of resting metabolic rate (RMR) compared to measured RMR in normal and overweight young females.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 female university students aged 18–30 years with body mass index 18 to 30 kg/m² were recruited. Anthropometric indices and body compositions were measured. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry (FitMate, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and estimated by 11 predictive formulas. The accuracy of the RMR formulas and mean percentage differences between estimated and measured values were calculated. Paired t test was used to compare estimated and measured RMRs.

Result: There were no significant differences between measured and estimated RMR by the 4 commonly used formulas (Mifflin, Cunningham, and World Health Organization [WHO]/Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]). Among all of the equations, the Mifflin formula showed the lowest bias (?2.97 ± 116.43 kcal/day) at the group level and was the most accurate formula (80.23%) in normal and overweight participants. The over- and underestimated values were about 14% and 5.5%, respectively. In normal and overweight females, Mifflin was the most accurate formula, with 75.51% and 84.61% accuracy, respectively.

Conclusion: Given the current lack of a standardized formula that consistently delivers accurate results, the Mifflin formula can be recommended for estimating energy requirements in normal and overweight females in clinical practice.