排序方式: 共有9条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1
1.
Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition that the anxiety disorders are disabling disorders associated with substantial morbidity and impaired quality of life (QOL). Nevertheless, there have been few studies comparing QOL across these conditions. SAMPLING AND METHODS: 337 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 220), panic disorder (PD; n = 53), or social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 64) were compared using a number of assessment scales to compare objective and subjective impairment in QOL. The association of QOL with symptom severity and comorbid depression was also assessed. RESULTS: The extent of impairment due to OCD, PD or SAD appears to be similar across the QOL scales. However, various domains are differentially affected in each of the disorders; OCD patients had more impairment in family life and activities of daily living; SAD patients had more impairment in social life and leisure activities, and PD patients were less able to avoid the use of nonprescribed drugs. QOL was lower in patients with increased symptom severity as well as in those with comorbid depression. CONCLUSIONS: While the extent of impairment appears similar across a number of different anxiety disorders, characteristic symptoms of each disorder may be associated with differential impairment of various domains of function, and may require specifically tailored interventions. 相似文献
2.
Dryden-Peterson S Jayeoba O Hughes MD Jibril H Keapoletswe K Tlale J Modise TA Asmelash A Moyo S van Widenfelt E Makhema J Essex M Shapiro RL Lockman S 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2011,58(3):353-357
Few studies have compared the programmatic effectiveness of the recommended strategies of antenatal highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We prospectively followed infants (93% formula fed) whose mothers who took either HAART (258 infants) or zidovudine (170 infants) during pregnancy in the Botswana national program. Overall, 10 infants (2.5%) acquired HIV--9 infants in the zidovudine group (5.5%, 95% confidence interval: 2.6% to 10.2%) and 1 infant in the HAART group (0.4%, 95% confidence interval: 0.0% to 2.2%). Maternal HAART was associated with decreased prevention of mother-to-child transmission (P = 0.001) and improved HIV-free survival (P = 0.040) compared with zidovudine (with or without single-dose nevirapine) in a programmatic setting. 相似文献
3.
Samantha L. Letsholo Joe James Stephanie M. Meyer Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Tirumala B. K. Settypalli Sneha Datta Letlhogile Oarabile Obakeng Kemolatlhe Kgakgamatso T. Pebe Bruce R. Mafonko Tebogo J. Kgotlele Kago Kumile Boitumelo Modise Carter Thanda John F. C. Nyange Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe Giovanni Cattoli Charles E. Lamien Ian H. Brown William G. Dundon Ashley C. Banyard 《Viruses》2022,14(12)
Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020–2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 2021. An H5N1 virus was detected in a fish eagle, doves, and chickens. Full genome sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high identity within haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins (NA) for viruses identified across a geographically broad range of locations. The detection of H5N1 in Botswana has important implications for disease management, wild bird conservation, tourism, public health, economic empowerment of vulnerable communities and food security in the region. 相似文献
4.
Stephen Olivier Thomas Murray Philippa Matthews Ngcebo Mhlongo Resign Gunda Kathy Baisley Dickman Gareta Tshwaraganang Modise Theresa Smit Kobus Herbst Xolile Mpofana Thumbi Ndungu Olivier Koole Deenan Pillay Willem Hanekom Emily Wong Mark J. Siedner Vukuzazi Study team 《Global Heart》2021,16(1)
Background:Cross-sectional screening programs are used to detect and refer individuals with non-communicable diseases to healthcare services. We evaluated the positive predictive value of cross-sectional measurements for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) as part of a community-based disease screening study, ‘Vukuzazi’ in rural South Africa.Methods:We conducted community-based screening for HTN and DM using the World Health Organization STEPS protocol and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, respectively. Nurses conducted follow-up home visits for confirmatory diagnostic testing among individuals with a screening BP above 140/90 mmHg and/or HbA1c above 6.5% at the initial screen, and without a prior diagnosis. We assessed the positive predictive value of the initial screening, compared to the follow up measure. We also sought to identify a screening threshold for HTN and DM with greater than 90% positive predictive value.Results:Of 18,027 participants enrolled, 10.2% (1,831) had a screening BP over 140/90 mmHg. Of those without a prior diagnosis, 871 (47.6%) received follow-up measurements. Only 51.2% (451) of those with completed follow-up measurements had a repeat BP>140/90 mmHg at the home visit and were referred to care. To achieve a 90% correct referral rate, a systolic BP threshold of 192 was needed at first screening. For DM screening, 1,615 (9.0%) individuals had an HbA1c > 6.5%, and of those without a prior diagnosis, 1,151 (71.2%) received a follow-up blood glucose. Of these, only 34.1% (395) met criteria for referral for DM. To ensure a 90% positive predictive value i.e. a screening HbA1c of >16.6% was needed.Conclusions:A second home-based screening visit to confirm a diagnosis of DM and HTN reduced health system referrals by 48% and 66%, respectively. Two-day screening programmes for DM and HTN screening might save individual and healthcare resources and should be evaluated carefully in future cost effectiveness evaluations. 相似文献
5.
Tendesayi Kufa Waasila Jassat Cheryl Cohen Stefano Tempia Maureen Masha Nicole Wolter Sibongile Walaza Anne von Gottburg Nelesh P. Govender Gillian Hunt Andronica Moipone Shonhiwa Joy Ebonwu Genevie Ntshoe Wellington Maruma Poncho Bapela Nomathamsanqa Ndhlovu Hlengani Mathema Motshabi Modise Liliwe Shuping Pinky N. Manana David Moore Ziyaad Dangor Charl Verwey Shabir A. Madhi Haroon Saloojee Heather J. Zar Lucille Blumberg 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2022,16(1):34-47
6.
Background Unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) have important implications in the general management of patients. Research in this area has been conducted in the adult and non-surgical population. To date, there is no systematic review addressing risk factors in the paediatric surgical population. Objectives To synthesise the information from studies that explore the risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions following surgery in children through a systematic review process. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published literature (PROSPERO registration CRD42020163766), adhering to the Preferred Reporting of Observational Studies and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PECO) strategy used was based on: population – paediatric population, exposure – risk factors, comparator – other, and outcome – unplanned ICU admission. Data that reported on unplanned ICU admissions following paediatric surgery were extracted and analysed. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Seven studies were included in the data synthesis. Four studies were of good quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score ≥7 points. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) estimate of unplanned ICU stay was 2.69% (0.05 - 8.6%) and ranged between 0.06% and 8.3%. Significant risk factors included abnormal sleep studies and the presence of comorbidities in adenotonsillectomy surgery. In the general surgical population, younger age, comorbidities and general anaesthesia were significant. Abdominal surgery and ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery resulted in a higher risk of unplanned ICU admission. Owing to the heterogeneity of the data, a meta-analysis with risk prediction could not be performed. Conclusion Significant patient, surgical and anaesthetic risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admission in children following surgery are described in this systematic review. A combination of these factors may direct planning toward anticipation of the need for a higher level of postoperative care. Further work to develop a predictive score for unplanned ICU stay is desirable. Contributions of the study Unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) have been acknowledged as an overall marker of safety.[1] Awareness of this concept has encouraged research to determine the incidence and risk factors of these occurrences. This research has been interrogated in a systematic review process with beneficial conclusions drawn; however, these studies included adults and non-surgical patients.[2–4] To date, we have not been able to find a systematic review addressing the risk factors associated with unplanned ICU admissions in paediatric surgical patients. 相似文献
7.
Kgotlele Tebogo Modise Boitumelo Nyange John Fredrick Thanda Carter Cattoli Giovanni Dundon William G. 《Virus genes》2020,56(5):646-650
Virus Genes - Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), the causative agent of Newcastle disease (ND) in domestic and wild avian species, has recently been reported and characterized in five southern African... 相似文献
8.
Brett N. Archer Juno Thomas Jacqueline Weyer Ayanda Cengimbo Dadja E. Landoh Charlene Jacobs Sindile Ntuli Motshabi Modise Moshe Mathonsi Morton S. Mashishi Patricia A. Leman Chantel le Roux Petrus Jansen van Vuren Alan Kemp Janusz T. Paweska Lucille Blumberg 《Emerging infectious diseases》2013,19(12):1918-1925
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonosis posing a public health threat to humans in Africa. During sporadic RVF outbreaks in 2008–2009 and widespread epidemics in 2010–2011, 302 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 25 deaths (case-fatality rate, 8%) were identified. Incidence peaked in late summer to early autumn each year, which coincided with incidence rate patterns in livestock. Most case-patients were adults (median age 43 years), men (262; 87%), who worked in farming, animal health or meat-related industries (83%). Most case-patients reported direct contact with animal tissues, blood, or other body fluids before onset of illness (89%); mosquitoes likely played a limited role in transmission of disease to humans. Close partnership with animal health and agriculture sectors allowed early recognition of human cases and appropriate preventive health messaging. 相似文献
9.
Diversity and managing diverse workgroups have become strategic imperatives for many organizations. Corporations are developing programs and opportunities to increase the participation of their employees, especially those who have not been previously included in the mainstream of their organizations. Many health care institutions are also focusing on diversity management. This study was designed to examine the manner in which diversity management is perceived and implemented by hospital executives. To determine the perception of executives, a 16-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to hospital executives. The data showed that executives in urban teaching hospitals considered their workforce diverse, and many of these organizations had implemented diversity management programs in their facilities. Surprisingly, this study found that although most executives (68 percent) agreed they had a diverse workforce, less than one-third (30 percent) of these executives had specifically developed diversity management programs in their hospitals. 相似文献
1