运动中跟腱断裂的原因及预防

目的:分析运动中跟腱断裂的原因和发生部位,找到预防的措施。方法:通过检索文献资料、调查访问和临床诊断等方法,对34例在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱断裂的个案进行分析。结果:34例全部为在运动中因非外力的原因造成跟腱急性闭合性断裂,其中30例为完全断裂,4例为不完全断裂。损伤的主要原因:①跟腱患有退行性病变,变得脆弱,易断裂。②跟腱部位过度疲劳。③热身活动不足。④技术动作不合理。⑤跟腱的退行性变化提前于肌肉造成的软组织活性不协调。⑥可能的原因:近几年来吃的转基因食品较多或吃的动物肉类所含激素成分较多,造成肌腱脆性增加。34例中有25例为跟腱中部断裂,占74%,即断点在跟腱止点上方3～5cm。34例中28例断端不整齐呈现马尾状,19例曾有慢性跟腱周围炎病史,且年龄平均在40岁以上。断裂部位集中,断裂类型较一致。结论:运动前应充分做好热身活动,防止运动中过度疲劳,严格控制营养素的摄取,尽量少补充含激素成分较多的肉类和转基因食品,以减少跟腱断裂情况的发生。     

补体因子H多态性在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病中的作用机制

目的:探讨补体H因子的多态性在年龄相关性黄斑变性疾病发生中的作用机制。资料来源:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1983-01/2006-12相关年龄相关性黄斑变性及补体H因子多态性方面的文献,检索词"Age-related macular degeneration,complement factor H,polymorphism,epidemiology,etiology",限定文献语言种类为Engllish。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括年龄相关性黄斑变性流行病学、病因学以及补体H因子多态性方面的文献,开始查找全文。纳入标准:文章所述内容与年龄相关性黄斑变性或补体H因子相关。排除标准:临床诊断及治疗。资料提炼:共检索到176篇相关文献,最终纳入38篇符合标准的文献。资料综合:年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病机制十分复杂,至今尚不清楚。最近研究发现,补体因子H在年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生、发展中起着相当重要的作用,如果补体因子H功能下降,补体被异常激活,导致补体成分C3b、C5b-9产生增多,C5b-9(膜攻击复合体)沉积于视网膜色素上皮细胞基底层,促进玻璃膜疣的形成并沉积于视网膜色素上皮层与Bruch膜之间,引起视网膜色素上皮层-Bruch膜-脉络膜毛细血管复合体变性,黄斑区和后极部萎缩,进而Bruch膜内胶原增厚,弹力纤维层断裂,脉络膜毛细血管进入视网膜色素上皮层下及视网膜神经上皮层下,最终导致视网膜下新生血管的形成,年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生。结论:补体因子H多态性在年龄相关性黄斑变性的发生中起着非常重要的作用,这为今后采取新的早期干预措施、寻求更为有效的治疗方法提供了新的方向。     

低氧暴露对运动性贫血大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的:观察低氧暴露对运动性贫血大鼠某些抗氧化酶的影响,探讨低氧条件下抗氧化系统的反应是否有利于改善运动性贫血。方法:实验于2005-07/09在广东省高等学校运动生物化学教学重点实验室完成。选择6周龄健康雄性SD大鼠40只,均为运动性贫血动物模型,大鼠适应环境1周后采用6周递增负荷跑台运动方式建立。按随机数字表法分为1h低氧暴露组、2h低氧暴露组和间歇性低氧暴露组、常氧恢复组,每组10只。采用人工常压低氧环境,低氧浓度控制在14.5%左右,按分组每天在常压低氧舱进行1,2h和间歇性低氧暴露(低氧暴露1h,中间间歇3h,再低氧暴露1h),其余时间在舱外常氧中自由活动,每周6d,持续3周。常氧恢复组大鼠在常氧中自由活动。3周后测试运动性贫血大鼠血清丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和血浆过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性。结果:纳入动物40只,均进入结果分析。①低氧暴露3周后1h低氧暴露组、2h低氧暴露组、间歇性低氧暴露组血清丙二醛含量均显著低于常氧恢复组[分别为(2.62±0.16),(2.60±0.22),(2.55±0.06),(3.36±0.34)μmol/L,P<0.05]。②低氧暴露3周后血清超氧化物歧化酶和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于常氧恢复组,2h低氧暴露组与常氧恢复组比较差异有显著性意义[分别为(4239.68±169.53),(3190.30±339.40)μkat/L;(20622.46±2002.07),(15556.44±607.79)μkat/L;(50.01±6.67),(35.17±4.50)μkat/L,P<0.05]。③各低氧暴露组间除2h低氧暴露组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于1h低氧暴露组外[分别为(4239.68±169.53),(2126.41±161.20)μkat/L,P<0.05],其他指标组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:低氧暴露可提高运动性贫血大鼠机体的抗氧化能力,有利于促进运动性贫血的恢复。     

A randomized prospective comparison of oral versus intraperitoneal ofloxacin as the primary treatment of CAPD peritonitis

Summary: Oral ofloxacin has been successfully used in our centres for the primary treatment of peritonitis complicating continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In view of the progressive rise in the resistance rate to ofloxacin among peritoneal bacterial isolates, a study was conducted to determine if oral ofloxacin remains a viable first line treatment for CAPD peritonitis in our centres and if the result can be improved by changing from an oral to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. In patients on three 2 L daily CAPD exchanges, ofloxacin given at the i.p. dosage of 200 mg loading followed by 25 mg/L of peritoneal dialysate achieved overnight trough peritoneal levels which are at least four times the minimal 90% inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of most bacterial pathogens without significant accumulation in the systemic circulation. This i.p. dosage was therefore chosen for the clinical study and the result was compared to that using ofloxacin given in the oral dosage of 400 mg loading followed by 300 mg once daily as maintenance. of all the recruited episodes, 35 were eligible for analysis. the overall primary cure rate including primary failures and relapses was 55.6% (10/18) in the oral treatment group and 70.6% (12/17) in the i.p. treatment group. the corresponding figures for gram positive bacterial (g +) infections were 36.4% and 50%, for gram negative bacterial (g -) infections were 66.7 and 80% and for culture negative infections were 75 and 80%. In culture positive cases, all treatment failures were due to resistant infections which were observed in 42.3% of all bacterial isolates, 47.1% of g + isolates and 33.3% of g - isolates. Due to the high background level of bacterial resistance among our CAPD population, ofloxacin monotherapy given either by the oral or the i.p. route can no longer be recommended for the primary treatment of CAPD peritonitis.     

鼓槌石斛化学成分的研究

自中药鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl.)茎中分离到5个化合物,经光谱(UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,DIFNOE和¹³CNMR)分析,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(I)、鼓槌菲(chrysotoxene,II)、毛兰素(erianin,III)、毛兰菲(confusarin,IV)和鼓槌联苄(chrysotobibenzyl,V)。II是新化合物,V是新天然产物。     

鼓槌石斛中一新的联苄类化合物——鼓槌石斛素

从兰科鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum)中分得一新的联苄类化合物,经光谱分析(UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和DIFNOE),其结构确定为4-羟基-3,5,3',4'-四甲氧基联苄,命名为鼓槌石斛素。关键词鼓槌石斛;鼓槌石斛素;联苄类化合物。     

苯妥英钠与前列腺素E2联合应用抗实验性哇巴因心律失常的研究

关于联合用药治疗心律失常,目前报道甚少,对此问题深入地进行基础理论或临床治疗学的研究,具有实际意义。已知苯妥英钠(DPH)为治疗洋地黄心律失常的有效药物。近年来亦发现前列腺素E(PGE)有抗哇巴因心律失常的作用,但其机制待深入探讨。一般认为洋地黄心律失常与交感神经活动增强有关,并发现洋地黄致心律失常时心肌儿茶酚胺含量     

Immunosuppression in renal transplantation: Long-term clinical trial of a double versus triple therapy regimen

Summary: Sixty-nine renal allograft recipients were randomized to two immunosuppressive regimens: 35 patients received cyclosporine A and prednisolone (PC) while 34 patients received low dose cyclosporine A, prednisolone and short term azathioprine (PCA). the data of 66 patients (34 in PC and 32 in PCA groups) were analysed. the median follow-up periods were 62 months for the PC group and 60 months for the PCA group. There was no difference in graft survival between the two groups but five patients died in the PC group compared to none in the PCA group (graft survival: 88 vs 90% at 1 year and 82 vs 82% at 5 years, P = not significant at any time point; patient survival: 90 vs 100% at 1 year and 88 vs 100% at 5 years, P = 0.05 at 5 years). There was a trend for patients in the PCA group to develop earlier and more frequent rejections (not significant; P = 0.106 and P = 0.062, respectively). There were also more episodes of acute cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the PC group. the mean serum creatinine at 5 years was significantly higher in the PCA group when compared to the PC group (179.8 ± 76.5 μmol/L vs 154.7 ± 41.0 μmol/L; P =0.05). We found that both therapeutic regimens were effective in preventing renal allograft rejections. However, double therapy was associated with higher patient mortality secondary to infection. Patients on triple therapy, on the other hand, were more prone to develop rejections in the early post-transplant period and were associated with less favourable renal function in the long run.     

放线瑞香宁碱的解热镇痛作用

从青藤科植物黑吹风(Illigera sp)总生物碱中分离出一个单体,经化学鉴定命名为放线瑞香宁碱(actinodapbnine简称Ac)。分子式C_(18)H_(17)NO_4,为10-甲氧基-1,2-(次甲二氧基)-6-去甲阿朴菲-9-醇(图1)。动物实验表明,Ac具有解痉、镇痛、局麻及降低小鼠体温等作用,并证明其镇痛作用系非中枢性。本文进一步研究其镇痛作用和对不同动物正常     

军队离退休老干部健康状况调查分析

1对象和方法 1．1对象 兰州军区驻兰10个干休昕和体系单位离退休老干部786名,其中男性719名,占91％,女性67名,占9％,年龄67～93（平均74）岁．