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排序方式: 共有454条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
Uroscopy in the 21st century: high-field NMR spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Neild GH; Foxall PJ; Lindon JC; Holmes EC; Nicholson JK 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(3):404-417
From the experiments described, it can be seen that there are different
research approaches that can be taken and these are summarized in Table 1.
Whereas much scientific research is principally hypothesis led, there
remains, nevertheless, an important place for exploratory research. High
resolution NMR can measure, directly and simultaneously, a wide range of
endogenous metabolites in biological fluids and has the unique capability
of providing structural information on the metabolites detected. It has
proved to be a powerful research tool with which to study inherited
metabolic diseases, renal disease, drug metabolism, and toxicity, and can
be used to monitor the effects of drug therapy. For instance, by using a
library of experimental toxins one can map the metabolic profile of
site-specific nephron injury. With this approach in man one could
eventually take an unknown disease such as Balkan nephropathy and predict
the initial site of tubular injury, the mode of injury and therefore the
kind of toxin capable of producing that injury. NMR spectroscopic
techniques are still advancing rapidly, with ever increasing sensitivity
and sophistication of NMR pulse sequences to enhance structural elucidation
in complex mixtures. Given the advances in directly coupled HPLC-NMR and
even HPLC-NMR-mass spectroscopy it is likely that these technologies in
conjunction with pattern recognition will make major contribution to our
understanding of renal processes and provide new diagnostic insights in the
21st century.
相似文献
3.
Out Henk J.; Mannaerts Bernadette M.J.L.; Driessen Stefan G.A.J.; Coelingh Bennink Herjan J.T. 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(10):2534-2540
Urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is being used forthe treatment of human infertility. Recently, FSH manufacturedby means of recombinant DNA technology with a much higher purity(>99%) has become available. A prospective, randomized, assessor-blind,multicentre (n = 18) study was conducted in infertile womenundergoing in-vitro fertilization comparing recombinant FSH(Org 32489, Puregon®) and urinary FSH (Metrodin®). Eligiblesubjects were randomized (recombinant versus urinary FSH = 3:2)and pretreated with buserelin for pituitary suppression. FSHwas given until three or more follicles with a diameter of atleast 17 mm were seen. After oocyte retrieval, fertilizationroutines were applied according to local procedures. No morethan three embryos were replaced. In all, 585 subjects receivedrecombinant FSH and 396 urinary FSH. Significantly more oocyteswere retrieved after recombinant FSH treatment (mean adjustedfor centre 10.84 versus 8.95, P < 0.0001). Ongoing pregnancyrates per attempt and transfer in the recombinant FSH groupwere 22.17 and 25.97% respectively, and in the urinary FSH group,18.22 and 22.02% respectively (not significant). Ongoing pregnancyrates including pregnancies resulting from frozen-thawed embryocycles were 25.7% for recombinant and 20.4% for urinary FSH(P = 0.05). Compared to urinary FSH, the total dose of FSH wassignificantly lower with recombinant FSH (2138 versus 2385 IU,P < 0.0001) in a significantly shorter treatment period (10.7versus 11.3 days, P < 0.0001). No clinically relevant differencesbetween recombinant and urinary FSH were seen with respect tosafety variables. It is concluded that recombinant FSH (Puregon)is more effective than urinary FSH in inducing multifolliculardevelopment and achieving an ongoing pregnancy. 相似文献
4.
Background
Correct diagnosis in psychiatry may be improved by novel diagnostic procedures. Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are suggested to be able to improve diagnostic procedures, but some studies indicate possible problems. Therefore, it could be important to investigate CDSS systems with regard to their feasibility to improve diagnostic procedures as well as to save time. 相似文献5.
Clinical profiling of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH; Puregon): relationship between serum FSH and efficacy 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Single-dose and multiple-rising dose studies of recombinantfollicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) in hypogonadotrophic maleand female volunteers demonstrated that the rate of FSH absorptionafter i.m. injection is higher in men than in women. In theabsence of endogenous FSH, a correlation between serum FSH andbody weight became apparent. The elimination half-life of rFSHwas not different between the sexes and was comparable withurinary FSH. However, the in-vitro bio:immuno ratio of serumFSH was significantly higher after the administration of rFSHthan after urinary FSH. When rFSH was administered daily witha fixed dose, steady state levels were reached within 3-5 days.Serum FSH concentrations increased in a dose-dependent mannerwhen the daily dose was increased weekly over 3 weeks from 75to 225 IU. In hypogonadotrophic women, rFSH induced normal folliculargrowth whereas oestrogen synthesis was impaired. In women pituitarysuppressed by a high-dose oral contraceptive, the daily administrationof 150 IU rFSH for 1 week induced more and larger antral folliclesthan the same regimen with urinary FSH, whereas the serum immunoactiveFSH concentrations measured 24 h after each dosing were similar.It is concluded that even though equal or lower serum immunoactiveFSH concentrations were obtained following the administrationof rFSH compared with urinary FSH, circulating bioactivity FSHconcentrations were higher. Therefore, the conventional ideathat serum immunoreactive FSH correlates positively with themagnitude of the ovarian response should be reconsidered. 相似文献
6.
A multicentre, open-label, randomized study of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist ganirelix (Orgalutran((R))/Antagon((TM))) was performed in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with recombinant FSH (rFSH: Puregon((R))). The study was designed as a non-inferiority study using a long protocol of buserelin (intranasal) and rFSH as a reference treatment. A total of 730 subjects was randomized in a treatment ratio of 2:1 (ganirelix:buserelin) using an interactive voice response system which stratified for age, type of infertility and planned fertilization procedure [IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)]. The median duration of GnRH analogue treatment was 5 days in the ganirelix group and 26 days in the buserelin group, whereas the median total rFSH dose was 1500 IU and 1800 IU respectively. In addition, in the ganirelix group the mean duration of stimulation was 1 day shorter. During ganirelix treatment the incidence of LH rises (LH >/=10 IU/l) was 2.8% versus 1.3% during rFSH stimulation in the buserelin group. On the day of triggering ovulation by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), the mean number of follicles >/=11 mm diameter was 10.7 and 11.8, and the median serum oestradiol concentrations were 1190 pg/ml and 1700 pg/ml in the ganirelix and buserelin groups respectively. The mean number of oocytes per retrieval was 9.1 and 10.4 respectively, whereas the mean number of good quality embryos was 3.3 and 3.5 respectively. The fertilization rate was equal in both groups (62.1%), and the same mean number of embryos (2.2) was replaced. The mean implantation rates were 15.7% and 21.8%, and the ongoing pregnancy rates per attempt were 20.3% and 25.7% in the ganirelix and buserelin groups respectively. Evaluation of all safety data indicated that the ganirelix regimen was safe and well tolerated. The overall incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was 2.4% in the ganirelix group and 5.9% in the reference group. The results of this study support a safe, short and convenient treatment regimen of ganirelix, resulting in a good clinical outcome for patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF or ICSI. 相似文献
7.
Cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC) is a rare variant of intraductal carcinoma. A CHC in a 50-year-old woman was excised and processed for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The tumor had a marked cystic appearance. The walls of the cysts consisted of epithelial and myoepithelial cells and a well-developed basement membrane. The epithelial cells contained well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Secretory granules were not detected, with the exception of a few mucus-producing cells. The secretion was predominantly homogenous, reminiscent of thyroid colloid, and demonstrated distinct PAS positivity. The cells displayed a strong labeling with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and EMA-positive structures were observed within the intraluminal secretion, too. Some of these were stained by alcian blue. In addition, the colloid-like material was admixed with mucus showing a filamentous internal structure and lipid droplets resulting in some heterogenity of the secretion. Intraductal micropapillary proliferation in some of the cysts and adjacent nondistended ducts was a further defining feature of the tumor. Steroid hormone receptor and Ki-67 proliferation marker immuno his Tochemistry showed scattered positivity among the tumor cells. These results are in agreement with previous observations and further clarify the nature of this low-grade in situ cancer. 相似文献
8.
9.
The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist ganirelix has recently become available to clinicians. Its indication, prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surges in assisted reproduction programmes, has been investigated extensively in numerous studies. This article summarizes the major results from pharmacokinetics studies, a double-blind dose-finding trial and three large-scale phase III randomized clinical trials, comparing ganirelix and the most commonly used gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists, buserelin, leuprolide and triptorelin, in a long protocol. It is concluded that controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with ganirelix offers significant advantages in terms of convenience of treatment as reflected in a considerably reduced treatment period. Safety and tolerance as well as overall clinical outcome are good. 相似文献
10.