Drug Education: Supporting Parents to Support Children

Such research evidence as exists on effective drug strategies in prevention and education draws attention to the importance of involving parents along with other community agencies and school governors. Much depends nevertheless on the way in which 'involvement' is interpreted and the assumptions that are made about parents' knowledge of drugs and drug education as well as their attitudes to drug issues. As the age of initial experimentation and contact with drugs continues to fall, the importance of enskilling parents to support drug education programmes for 5 year olds and upwards continues to rise. This paper reports the first wide ranging survey of parents' knowledge of drugs and drug issues across an entire English county embracing younger as well as older children. The need for more coordinated, informed and systematic guidance to parents is established.     

Experiences of day care surgery in otolaryngology

Day care surgery in otolaryngology is gradually gaining popularity all around the world and the scope of day care surgery has improved significantly in recent years. 380 patients underwent ear, nose and throat surgery during the period Sep 2002–Aug2004. All the cases were done under local anaesthesia. Strict criteria were adopted for admission and discharge of the patients. Most of the patients (90.6%) who underwent ENT day care surgery did not experience unusual peroperative or postoperative discomfort. There was no case requiring postoperative admission to a hospital. There was a high degree of patient preference and satisfaction to day care surgery. Following proper guide lines for day care surgery and strict admission and discharge criteria has gone a long way in making day care surgery a success. It can be concluded that high medical standards can be achieved with low expenditure with this form of management.     

Tumor vascular signals in renal masses: detection with Doppler US

The vascularity of 49 renal masses (26 malignant and 23 benign lesions) was investigated with duplex Doppler ultrasound. Doppler signals obtained at the margins of renal masses were defined as "tumor signals" when the Doppler-shifted frequency of the lesion exceeded the frequency shift in the ipsilateral main renal artery. These exceeded 2.5 kHz with a 3-MHz insonating frequency. Among the 26 renal masses that subsequently proved to be malignant, tumor signals were obtained in 15 of 18 (83%) untreated renal cell carcinomas, in three of four Wilms tumors, and in two patients with metastases to the kidney, but not in the one patient with lymphoma. None of the 23 benign renal masses demonstrated tumor signals. Tumor vascularity in malignant lesions gives rise to abnormal, high-velocity, Doppler-shifted signals that can help in the differential diagnosis of renal masses.     

Kinetics of inhibited or retarded polymerization. Investigations on the cerium(IV)/toluene/acrylonitrile system

The kinetics and mechanism of the inhibiting action of toluene on the Ce(IV) initiated polymerization of acrylonitrile were studied together with the effects of [M], [Ce(IV)], [Toluene], [HClO₄], [NaClO₄], and [Acetic acid] on the rate of polymerization. The values of composite rate constant kk_t/k_pk_ok_i for toluene (and substituted toluenes) was calculated by plotting [M]/R_p versus [M]^?1. A very significant observation in the present study was that the plot of [M]/R_p versus [M]^?1 gave a negative intercept, which seems to be a general observation for all inhibiting substrates. On the basis of the experimental data, it could be concluded that the benzyl radical obtained by hydrogen abstraction, and not a chain transfer, is responsible for the inhibition.     

Seroprevalence of anti HCV antibody in and around Cuttack, Orissa

One hundred ninety (190) serum samples and 52 control samples consisting of high risk individuals were screened for anti HCV antibody by 3rd generation ELISA test. The prevalence rate was found to be 1.57% in total but it was 2.12% in healthy voluntary blood donors. All were males between the age group of 21 to 40 years. All the control samples were found to be seronegative for anti HCV ab.     

IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Twenty-three cases of IgM associated primary diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis are presented. In 18, IgM was the sole localising host immunoglobulin, and it was the predominant globulin in five; C3 was also present in 18. Light microscopy revealed variable diffuse and global mesangial proliferation in all cases, with additional focal global sclerosis in 16, focal segmental sclerosis in 15, and small capsular crescents in seven. Material for electron microscopy was available from 19 patients; in 13, occasional intramesangial electron dense deposits were identified, and in 18 there were irregular, rather ill defined areas of increased electron density in mesangial regions. Clinically, 14 patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome, and nine had asymptomatic proteinuria. During follow-up, only 10 patients showed no change in renal function or improved; the remainder showed increasing hypertension and/or renal function deterioration and four developed end stage renal failure. It is suggested that IgM associated mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis should be considered as a distinct clinicoimmunopathological entity.     

Ambient temperature related sleep changes in rats neonatally treated with capsaicin

Ambient temperature related sleep changes in rats neonatally treated with capsaicin. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000-000, 2004. The study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats, neonatally treated with capsaicin to destroy the peripheral warm receptors. The sleep-wakefulness was recorded for 5 h at an ambient temperature (T(amb)) of 18, 24, 30 and 33 degrees C on different days. The rectal temperatures (T(r)) of the rats were studied on exposure to 6 and 37 degrees C for 2 h to assess their thermoregulatory ability. The changes in the behavioral thermoregulation were assessed by noting the thermal preference of rats when they were placed in an environmental chamber with 3 interconnected compartments maintained at 24, 27 and 30 degrees C. Slow wave (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were decreased at 18 degrees C and increased at 30 degrees C, in control rats. There was a decrease in REM sleep and no change in SWS when T(amb) was raised from 30 to 33 degrees C. However, in neonatally capsaicin treated rats, sleep was increased even at 33 degrees C, though there was no significant change in sleep when T(amb) was increased from 18 to 24 degrees C. Capsaicin treated rats showed thermoregulatory deficiency at 37 degrees C but the thermal preference was unaltered in these rats. The results suggest that the central warm receptors can produce alteration in sleep at different T(amb), even in absence of peripheral warm receptors. The behavioral thermoregulation was unaffected in these rats, though their ability to defend the body temperature in warm environment was affected.