Interaction of green tea catechins with renal organic cation transporter 2

1.?Green tea extract (GTE) and EGCG have previously shown to increase the uptake of MPP⁺ into Caco-2 cells. However, whether GTE and its derivatives interact with renal basolateral organic cation transporter 2 (Oct2) which plays a crucial role for cationic clearance remains unknown. Thus, this study assessed the potential of drug-green tea (GT) catechins and its derivatives interactions with rat Oct2 using renal cortical slices and S2 stably expressing rat Oct2 (S2rOct2).

2.?Both GTE and ECG inhibited MPP⁺ uptake in renal slices in a concentration-dependent manner (IC₅₀?=?2.71?±?0.360?mg/ml and 0.87?±?0.151?mM), and this inhibitory effect was reversible. Inhibition of [³H]MPP⁺ transport in S2rOct2 by either GTE or ECG (IC₅₀?=?1.90?±?0.087?mg/ml and 1.67?±?0.088?mM) was also observed.

3.?The weak and reversible interactions of GTE and ECG with rOct2 indicate that consumption of GT beverages could not interfere with cationic drugs secreted via renal OCT2 in humans. However, the rise of therapeutic use of GTE and ECG might have to take into account the significant possibility of adverse drug–green tea catechins interactions which could alter renal organic cation drug clearance.     

Chronic treatment with prebiotics,probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats

European Journal of Nutrition - In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics,...     

Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota on Kidney Injury and the Obese Condition

Obesity is associated with kidney disease, probably due to obesity-mediated inflammation, podocyte injury and oxidative stress in the kidney It is also linked to other diseases, for example, diabetes and hypertension, which are associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been demonstrated in cases of obesity with the development and progression of kidney disease. Thus, modification of gastrointestinal microbiota using probiotics or prebiotics or both to improve the balance of bacterial flora is a potential approach for the management of obesity-associated kidney disease. This review covers information regarding the association between obesity and kidney injury, and it examines evidence for a hypothesized role of gastrointestinal microbiota in this setting. Studies describing the effects of probiotic and prebiotic treatments on kidney disease show mixed results, although several suggest benefits indicated by biomarkers associated with kidney injury, uremia and inflammation. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these interventions are clinically effective in managing kidney injury and kidney disease.     

Resistant starch from black rice,Oryza sativa L. var. ameliorates renal inflammation,fibrosis and injury in insulin resistant rats

It has recently been reported that black rice (BR) extract has anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-osteoporosis effects. It has been shown to reduce obese-related kidney dysfunction in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistant starch from BR (RS) on renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in obese insulin resistant rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal diet (ND), ND treated with 150 mg of RS (NDRS150), high-fat (HF) diet, HF treated with 100 and 150 mg of RS (HFRS100), (HFRS150), and HF treated with metformin as a positive control. Insulin resistance was shown in the HF rats by glucose intolerance, increased insulin, total area under the curve of glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The resulting metabolic disturbance in the HF rats caused renal inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis progressing to kidney injury and dysfunction. Prebiotic RS including anthocyanin from BR at doses of 100 and 150 mg ameliorated insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and liver injury. Treatment with RS reduced TGF-β fibrotic and apoptotic pathways by inhibition of NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines which potentially restore kidney damage and dysfunction. In conclusion, prebiotic RS from BR ameliorated obesity induced renal injury and dysfunction by attenuating inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic pathways in insulin resistant rats induced by HF.