Triadic Interactions in MIECHV: Relations to Home Visit Quality

Objectives This study was conducted to look inside home visits to examine active intervention ingredients used and their relations with ratings of home visit quality. In particular, triadic interactions that engage the home visitor, parent, and child together and provide a context for home visitors to facilitate parent-child interactions by observing, modeling and coaching behaviors that promote optimal child development were examined. Methods Observations were conducted to describe intervention activities (with the HVOF-R) and rate quality of home visit practices and engagement (with the HOVRS A+). Results Analyses revealed the majority of home visit time (71%) was spent in home visitor-parent interactions with only a small proportion of home visit time (17%) spent in triadic interactions and an even smaller proportion of time (2%) during which home visitors actively coached parent-child interactions. Amount of time spent in triadic interactions was related positively to quality ratings of home visit practices and engagement. Moreover, time spent coaching parent-child interactions uniquely predicted home visit quality after accounting for visit length and home visitor time spent observing and modeling. Conclusions for Practice Increasing the percentage of home visitors engage the parent and child in triadic interaction should be a focus for home visiting programs. Home visitors will likely need professional development and supervisory support to enhance their skills in coaching parent-child interactions during triadic interactions.     

Correction to: Triadic Interactions in MIECHV: Relations to Home Visit Quality

Maternal and Child Health Journal - The article “Triadic interactions in MIECHV: Relations to home visit quality”, written by Carla A. Peterson, Kere Hughes-Belding, Neil Rowe, Liuran...     

ABCC5 facilitates the acquired resistance of sorafenib through the inhibition of SLC7A11-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Sorafenib is a first-line molecular-target drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and reducing sorafenib resistance is an important issue to be resolved for the clinical treatment of HCC. In the current study, we identified that ABCC5 is a critical regulator and a promising therapeutic target of acquired sorafenib resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The expression of ABCC5 was dramatically induced in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and was remarkably associated with poor clinical prognoses. The down-regulation of ABCC5 expression could significantly reduce the resistance of sorafenib to HCC cells. Importantly, activation of PI3K/AKT/NRF2 axis was essential for sorafenib to induce ABCC5 expression. ABCC5 increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and attenuated lipid peroxidation accumulation by stabilizing SLC7A11 protein, which inhibited ferroptosis. Additionally, the inhibition of ABCC5 enhanced the anti-cancer activity of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism of acquired sorafenib resistance and also suggest that ABCC5 is a new regulator of ferroptosis in HCC cells.     

葡萄糖酸锌碳点在细胞成像和体外促进成骨分化中的作用

目的：通过一步水热法合成葡萄糖酸锌碳点（Zn-CDs）,探讨Zn-CDs的细胞成像及其对小鼠前成骨细胞向成骨方向分化的促进作用。方法：一步水热法合成Zn-CDs,采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、荧光光谱仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）观察检测Zn-CDs的表征。将不同浓度（0.01、0.10、1.00、10.00、100.00和1 000.00 mg· L^-1） Zn-CDs浸提液与小鼠前成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1共培养作为实验组,空白对照组仅加入细胞培养液。采用MTT法检测各组MC3T-E1细胞相对增殖率（RGR）;采用激光共聚焦成像观察MC3T3-E1细胞的成像特点;采用qRT-PCR法检测各组MC3T3-E1细胞中Runt相关转录因子2基因（Runx2）、碱性磷酸酶基因（ALP）和骨钙素（OC） mRNA相对表达水平;茜素红染色检测各组细胞中钙化结节数。结果：TEM检测,成功合成粒径为5.25 nm的Zn-CDs。荧光光谱,Zn-CDs具有360 nm紫外光激发和450 nm蓝光发射的荧光性质,并表现激发波长依赖特性。FT-IR检测,Zn-CDs表面主要由羧基和羟基基团构成。与空白对照组比较,共培养24 h时1 000.00 mg·L^-1Zn-CDs组MC3T3-E1细胞的RGR明显降低（P<0.01）。荧光成像,Zn-CDs与MC3T3-E1细胞共培养后,细胞呈现蓝色、绿色和红色的荧光图像,形态轮廓清楚且荧光强度细胞质比细胞核强。qRT-PCR检测,随着Zn-CDs浓度的增加,MC3T3-E1细胞中Runx2、ALP和OCmRNA相对表达水平逐渐升高。茜素红染色,诱导21 d后不同浓度Zn-CDs组MC3T3-E1细胞中钙结节数多于空白对照组。结论：Zn-CDs可以有效地进行MC3T3-E1细胞荧光成像,且Zn-CDs具有一定的促MC3T3-E1细胞向成骨方向分化的作用。     

肠道菌群及其代谢物与骨代谢的关系及其潜在机制的研究进展

随着人口老龄化的发展,骨质疏松的发病率越来越高,其并发的骨折也给社会和家庭带来沉重的经济负担。近年来许多研究表明肠道菌群可影响机体骨代谢,其中涉及的可能机制大部分尚未明确。肠道菌群定植在人体肠道中,可通过发酵产生大量的代谢产物如短链脂肪酸（short chain fatty acids,SCFAs）、吲哚衍生物、多聚胺、腺苷三磷酸（adenosine triphosphate,ATP） 等,可能对骨代谢产生重要的影响。其中以短链脂肪酸的研究最多,短链脂肪酸可促进骨形成,其影响骨代谢的机制可能是通过促进胰岛素样生长因子1（insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1）、胰高血糖素样肽1（glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1）的分泌而间接起作用。此外,植物雌激素、膳食植物多酚对骨代谢具有保护作用,这些作用依赖肠道菌群的存在。肠道菌群可将植物雌激素、膳食植物多酚等分解为具有更大活性的代谢物,从而对骨代谢产生调控作用。本文通过对肠道菌群及其代谢物与骨质疏松的相关性研究进行综述,总结了肠道菌群代谢物的种类、与骨代谢的关系以及其调控骨代谢的潜在机制,为肠道菌群防治骨质疏松的进一步机制研究奠定基础。