网格定位器在腰椎椎体成形术中的应用

目的比较网格优化椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)与传统PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年5月北部战区总医院脊柱外科收治196例腰椎单节段行PVP治疗患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为网格优化组(102例)和传统PVP组(94例)。网格优化组:男38例、女64例,年龄(67.3±8.5)岁,病程(2.3±1.2)d,L1椎体59例、L2椎体31例、L3椎体8例、L4椎体3例、L5椎体1例。传统PVP组:男26例、女68例,年龄(71.5±5.6)岁,病程(2.1±1.1)d,L1椎体52例、L2椎体33例、L3椎体7例、L4椎体2例。术前按两组不同方法选择最佳穿刺点及穿刺角度,完成穿刺后置入导丝及工作通道,推入骨水泥,术毕。主要观察指标为手术时间、术中X线透视次数、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏情况,以及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、伤椎前缘和伤椎中缘高度。结果两组患者术前一般资料的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),证明两组患者的基线资料具有可比性。所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中、术后均未出现脊髓神经损伤、切口感染、肺栓塞、死亡等严重并发症。网格优化组患者手术时间(34.8±6.5)min、透视次数(29.5±5.5)次、骨水泥注入量(5.3±2.1)ml、骨水泥渗透率3.9%(4/98)均优于传统PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。网格优化组术后第3天、3个月及末次随访时VAS评分分别为(1.1±0.6)分、(1.0±0.3)分和(0.9±0.2)分,均优于传统PVP组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后第3天伤椎前缘及中缘高度的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但网格优化组术后3个月伤椎前缘和中缘高度分别为(1.8±0.4)mm、(1.8±0.3)mm,末次随访时分别为(1.7±0.3)mm、(1.7±0.3)mm,均优于传统PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比传统PVP手术,术前应用网格定位器进行网格优化PVP手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折更安全、有效。     

Heavy metals in road dust across China: occurrence,sources and health risk assessment

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - We investigated the occurrence of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in 28 road dust samples collected across China from June to August, 2020. The...     

模拟临床的中性粒细胞性激素抵抗型支气管哮喘小鼠模型的建立及意义

目的建立一种模拟临床的中性粒细胞性激素抵抗型支气管哮喘(哮喘)小鼠模型并探讨其意义。方法采用屋尘螨(house dust mite,HDM)和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)混合液,气管内给药建立哮喘小鼠模型。将18只雌性C57BL/6小鼠按照数字表法随机分为对照组、哮喘组(HDM+LPS)和地塞米松(dexamethasone,Dex)组(HDM+LPS+Dex)。肺功能仪测定小鼠气道阻力,HE染色观察肺组织炎症细胞浸润,过碘酸-雪夫染色(PAS)观察杯状细胞增生,瑞氏染色检测BALF炎症细胞总数及分类计数,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肺组织和BALF炎症因子。流式细胞术检测肺组织Th17细胞分化。结果HE染色显示,哮喘组肺组织炎症较对照组显著增高(P<0.05),地塞米松组肺组织炎症较哮喘组稍减轻(P>0.05);BALF细胞分类计数显示,哮喘组炎症细胞(除外嗜酸粒细胞)浸润较对照组显著增加[炎症细胞总数分别为(2797±400)×106/L和(105±75)×106/L,中性粒细胞计数分别为(1151±395)×106/L和(12±6)×106/L,淋巴细胞计数分别为(897±135)×106/L和(11±5)×106/L,巨噬细胞计数分别为(215±51)×106/L和(34±16)×106/L,均P<0.05],地塞米松组肺组织炎症细胞总数及巨噬细胞计数较哮喘组显著下降[炎症细胞总数(1140±418)×106/L vs(2797±400)×106/L,巨噬细胞计数(117±31)×106/L vs(215±51)×106/L,均P<0.05],但淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞计数无统计学意义[淋巴细胞计数(587±208)×106/L vs(897±135)×106/L,中性粒细胞计数(294±134)×106/L vs(1151±395)×106/L,均P>0.05];免疫组织化学检测结果同样证实,地塞米松组肺组织中性粒细胞浸润较哮喘组不能被有效抑制;哮喘组和地塞米松组气道阻力较对照组均显著增高(P<0.05),但两组间气道阻力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与哮喘组相比,地塞米松组肺组织Th2炎症指标显著降低(均P<0.05),而Th17细胞炎症指标有升高趋势,Th1炎症指标无显著改善;流式细胞术显示,地塞米松组肺组织Th17细胞浸润较哮喘组显著增多[分别为(5.8±1.9)%和(2.3±0.8)%,P<0.01]。结论成功建立了一种模拟临床的中性粒细胞性哮喘小鼠模型。地塞米松非但不能抑制小鼠中性粒细胞气道炎症和气道高反应性,而且促进Th17细胞分化,印证该哮喘模型存在激素抵抗。     

应用肺表面活性物质联合NCPAP治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的对照研究

目的 探讨应用肺表面活性物质(PS)联合NCPAP治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的效果.方法 将82例呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿随机分为两组,观察组早期给予气管滴注肺表面活性物质,随后立即进行NCPAP治疗;对照组不予肺表面活性物质处理,比较两组患儿治疗效果、住院时间、氧疗时间、机械通气使用以及并发症等情况.结果 两组患儿治疗后血气结果较治疗前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组患儿的机械通气使用情况、呼吸机相关肺炎的发生率、氧疗时间以及住院时间均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 早期应用PS联合NCPAP是治疗早产儿RDS的有效方式,能快速有效地改善肺功能,缩短氧疗时间及住院时间,减少相关并发症的发生.     

Articular Cartilage Degradation and Aberrant Subchondral Bone Remodeling in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are two skeletal disorders associated with joint structures. Occasionally, OA and OP occur in the same patient. However, the effect of OP changes on OA progression in patients with osteoporotic OA (OP-OA) has not been reported, especially the potential association between subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Thus we investigated the alterations in the microstructure, biomechanical properties, and remodeling of subchondral bone as well as their association with cartilage damage in the hip joint of patients with OP-OA. Thirty-nine femoral head specimens were obtained from patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (OA group, n = 19; OP-OA group, n = 20), and healthy specimens from cadaver donors were used (control group, n = 10). The microstructure and biomechanical properties of subchondral bone were evaluated by micro–computed tomography and micro–finite-element analysis. Histology, histomorphometric measurements, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess subchondral bone remodeling and cartilage damage. Linear regression analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between subchondral bone and articular cartilage. In the subchondral bone of the OP-OA group, compared with that of the OA group, aberrant bone remodeling leads to an inferior microstructure and worsening biomechanical properties, potentially affecting transmission of loading stress from the cartilage to the subchondral bone, and then resulting in accelerated OA progression in patients with OP-OA. The results indicate that changes in subchondral bone could affect OA development and the improvement in subchondral bone with bone-metabolism agents may help mitigate OA progression when OP and OA coexist in the same patients. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

MRU对肾移植术后原自体无功能肾、输尿管移行细胞癌的诊断价值(附21例报告)

目的：探讨磁共振水成像(Magnetic resistance urography,MRU)在肾移植术后对原自体无功能性肾、输尿管移行细胞癌的诊断价值。方法：对21例肾移植术后临床诊断为肾盂或输尿管移行细胞癌患者进行MRU检查,同时行逆行肾盂输尿管造影;11例行输尿管镜及病理学检查,并行MRU诊断。16例行经尿道输尿管口环形切开、腰部一处切口的肾输尿管全长切除术。结果：术前21例MRU检查均提示肾盂、输尿管有占位性病变,11例配合输尿管镜得出组织学诊断,术前诊断与手术结果一致。21例中,16例采用肾输尿管全长切除术均获得成功。结论：MRU对肾移植术后IVU不显影的原无功能性肾、输尿管移行细胞癌具有重要的临床诊断价值;输尿管口切除、肾输尿管全长切除术对移植肾同侧原肾发生肾盂输尿管癌一样有效。     

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病无水酒精室间隔消融术中的并发症及处理

目的：总结梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（ＨＯＣＭ）无水酒精室间隔消融术中并发症及处理，以提高对其术中并发症的认识及处理的水平。方法：对１３ 例ＨＯＣＭ 患者行无水酒精室间隔消融术，注射无水酒精量为１．５～５ ｍ ｌ。消融成功率达１００％ 。结果：术中并发症９／１３ 例次，发生率６９．２％ ，其中以术中注无水酒精时血压下降为最严重，心绞痛最多见。结论：无水酒精室间隔消融术，虽有很好的临床效果，但也会引起一些并发症，如处理不当，甚至会造成死亡，应引起重视     

Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories

The increasing burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses an escalating threat to national TB control programs. To assist appropriate treatment for TB patients, accurate and rapid detection of drug resistance is critical. The GeneChip test is a novel molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB drug resistance. Performance-related data on GeneChip are limited, and evaluation in new and previously treated TB cases has never been performed. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of GeneChip in detecting resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) and in detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with standard drug susceptibility testing (DST) and compared the results in a group of previously treated and newly detected TB patients in an urban area in southeastern China. One thousand one hundred seventy-three (83.8%) new cases and 227 (16.2%) previously treated cases were collected between January 2011 and September 2013. The GeneChip showed a specificity of 97.8% and a sensitivity of 94.8% for detection of RMP resistance and 97.3% and 70.9%, respectively, for INH resistance in new cases. For previously treated cases, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate are 94.6%, 91.3%, and 92.1%, respectively, for detection of RMP resistance and 69.7%, 95.4%, and 86.8%, respectively, for INH resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of MDR-TB were 81.8% and 99.0% in new cases and 77.8% and 93.4% in previously treated cases, respectively. The GeneChip system provides a simple, rapid, reliable, and accurate clinical assay for the detection of TB drug resistance, and it is a potentially important diagnostic tool in a high-prevalence area.     

移植肾脏切除的临床病理分析

目的：这提高肾脏移植术后的长期存活率，对切除的移植肾脏进行临床病理学分析。方法：收集手术切除的无功能移植肾脏标本８５例作为实验组，及其相应的肾肘移植术前活检组织作为对照组；根据临床资料并结合肾脏移植病理分类与分级的Ｂａｎｆｆ标准，研究移植肾的病理学改变。结果：８５例切除的移植肾中，急性排异反应４４例（占５１．８％），慢性排异反应１９例（占１８．８％）。结论：移植肾丢失的主要原因为急性排异反应。     

ACO患者血清Fbg、FeNO、IgE水平变化与肺功能相关性研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(ACO)患者血清中纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)的变化水平与肺功能的相关性。 方法选择2016年1月至2018年5月期间在我院接受治疗的支气管哮喘急性发作期患者56例,慢阻肺急性加重期患者51例,ACO急性加重期患者45例,同时选取50例健康者作为对照。检测受试对象的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数量、Fbg和IgE水平、FeNO以及肺功能指标。采用Pearson相关性分析Fbg、FeNO、IgE与1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁),FEV₁改善值,用力肺活量(FVC)的关系。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算Fbg、FeNO、IgE指标曲线下面积(AUC)。 结果①三组患者嗜酸性粒细胞数量和血浆IgE水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);但是三组患者之间比较,未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。ACO患者血清Fbg水平高于哮喘组患者(P<0.05),FeNO检测值高于慢阻肺患者(P<0.05);②ACO患者FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值明显高于对照组和慢阻肺组受试者,但是FEV₁值高于哮喘组患者,而FEV₁改善值和FVC值低于哮喘组患者(P<0.05);③ACO患者血浆Fbg水平与FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值均呈负相关性(P<0.05),而FeNO值仅与FEV₁值呈负相关性(P<0.05)。而血浆IgE水平与FEV₁改善值呈正负关性(P<0.05);④经ROC曲线分析,Fbg、FeNO、IgE联合检测ROC曲线的AUC为0.892(95%CI：0.773-0.948),敏感性和特异性分别为89%和78%。 结论Fbg、FeNO和IgE与ACO患者肺功能指标密切相关,有助于临床鉴别ACO、支气管哮喘以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病。