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Eun-Joo Shin Yunsung Nam Thu-Hien Thi Tu Yong Kwang Lim Myung-Bok Wie Dae-Joong Kim Ji Hoon Jeong Hyoung-Chun Kim 《Archives of toxicology》2016,90(4):937-953
We investigated whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurotoxicity. TMT treatment (2.8 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased PKCδ expression out of PKC isozymes (i.e., α, βI, βII, δ, and ?) in the hippocampus of wild-type (WT) mice. Consistently, treatment with TMT resulted in significant increases in cleaved PKCδ expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition (PKCδ knockout or rottlerin) was less susceptible to TMT-induced seizures than WT mice. TMT treatment increased glutathione oxidation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and levels of reactive oxygen species. These effects were more pronounced in the WT mice than in PKCδ knockout mice. In addition, the ability of TMT to induce nuclear translocation of Nrf2, Nrf2 DNA-binding activity, and upregulation of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase was significantly increased in the PKCδ knockout mice and rottlerin (10 or 20 mg/kg, p.o. × 6)-treated WT mice. Furthermore, neuronal degeneration (as shown by nuclear chromatin clumping and TUNEL staining) in WT mice was most pronounced 2 days after TMT. At the same time, TMT-induced inhibition of phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling was evident, thereby decreasing phospho-Bad, expression of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and the interaction between phospho-Bad and 14-3-3 protein, and increasing Bax expression and caspase-3 cleavage were observed. Rottlerin or PKCδ knockout significantly protected these changes in anti- and pro-apoptotic factors. Importantly, treatment of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (0.8 or 1.6 µg, i.c.v.) 4 h before TMT counteracted protective effects (i.e., Nrf-2-dependent glutathione induction and pro-survival phenomenon) of rottlerin. Therefore, our results suggest that down-regulation of PKCδ and up-regulations of Nrf2-dependent glutathione defense mechanism and PI3K/Akt signaling are critical for attenuating TMT neurotoxicity. 相似文献
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J Phua E S C Koay D Zhang L K Tai X L Boo K C Lim T K Lim 《The European respiratory journal》2006,28(4):695-702
Levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM)-1 are elevated in severe sepsis. However, it is not known whether sTREM-1 measurements can distinguish milder bacterial infections from noninfectious inflammation. The present authors studied whether serum sTREM-1 levels differ in community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and controls, and whether sTREM-1 may be used as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics. Serum sTREM-1 levels in 150 patients with pneumonia, COPD and asthma exacerbations and 62 healthy controls were measured. Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in pneumonia (median 295.2 ng x mL(-1)), COPD (280.3 ng x mL(-1)) and asthma exacerbations (184.0 ng x mL(-1)) compared with controls (83.1 ng x mL(-1)). Levels were higher in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations than in type 2 and 3 COPD and asthma exacerbations. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for sTREM-1 as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics was 0.77. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 were elevated predominantly in pneumonia and Anthonisen type 1 COPD exacerbations versus type 2 and 3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, asthma and controls. Serum levels of the soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 has moderate but insufficient accuracy as a surrogate marker for the need for antibiotics in lower respiratory tract infections. 相似文献
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C Niek van Dijk Ben Willem J. Mol Liesbeth S. L. Lim Rene K. Marti Patrick M. M. Bossuyt 《Acta orthopaedica》1996,67(6):566-570
We prospectively enrolled 160 consecutive patients with inversion trauma of the ankle in a diagnostic protocol that included physical examination within 2 days and at 5 days after trauma, arthrography, stress radiography, and ultrasonography. 135 patients had pathological lateral ligament laxity on the later physical examination or lateral ligament rupture diagnosed on arthrography and they were operated on. 122 of these patients had ligament ruptures.
At clinical follow-up after a minimum of half a year, all of the patients who were not operated on had stable joints without signs of previous ligament ruptures.
Delayed physical examination at 5 days after the injury led to the highest overall sensitivity (96%) and specificity (84%) for the detection of a ligament rupture. Additional diagnostic procedures, at a considerable cost, yielded little additional information. 相似文献
At clinical follow-up after a minimum of half a year, all of the patients who were not operated on had stable joints without signs of previous ligament ruptures.
Delayed physical examination at 5 days after the injury led to the highest overall sensitivity (96%) and specificity (84%) for the detection of a ligament rupture. Additional diagnostic procedures, at a considerable cost, yielded little additional information. 相似文献
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Changes in outcome with sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer in Korea, 1991-2000. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
S-B Lim S C Heo M R Lee S-B Kang Y J Park K J Park H S Choi S-Y Jeong J-G Park 《European journal of surgical oncology》2005,31(3):242-249
AIM: To report the clinical and oncological data of patients operated on for rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV over a 10 year period, including the Sphincter preservation (SP) rate. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 304 patients with rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV who underwent surgical resection from January 1991 through December 2000. The 10 years were divided into three periods based on the introduction of new surgical techniques, specifically, ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) with double stapling in March 1994 and ULAR with coloanal anastomosis in April 1997. The rates of SP, complications and patient survival during these periods were compared. RESULTS: The SP rate increased significantly over the 10 years, from 16.4% in period I (January 1991-February 1994), to 53.0% in period II (March 1994-March 1997), to 86.5% in period III (April 1997-December 2000) (p<0.001). Over time, the age of the patients increased (p=0.004), the length of the distal resection margin became shorter (p=0.005), and the rate of lymph node metastasis increased (p=0.016). The factors significantly influencing SP were the period (p<0.001) and the distance from the AV (p<0.001). Over time, morbidity did not increase, and overall and disease free survival rates did not decrease. In contrast, the overall survival of N2 cases significantly increased over time (p=0.0492). CONCLUSION: Over 10 years, the SP rate in rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV was significantly increased by the introduction of the double stapling and coloanal anastomosis techniques. These surgical methods, however, had no effect on morbidity, disease free survival and overall survival rates. 相似文献
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Paclitaxel with Cisplatin as Salvage Treatment for Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelial Tract 下载免费PDF全文
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Aisling Mary McMahon Fardod O'Kelly Kheng Tian Lim Narayanasamy Ravi John Vincent Reynolds 《Patient safety in surgery》2009,3(1):19
Esophageal perforation is associated with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. We report herein a case of lye-induced
esophageal perforation managed successfully by employing endoscopic T-tube placement with a successful outcome. 相似文献