Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and olfactory neurons migrate together from the olfactory placode, and GnRH neurons eventually reside in the hypothalamus. Hypogonadism in male infants may be diagnosed in the first 6 months of life but cannot be diagnosed during childhood until puberty occurs. Patients with low serum testosterone and low serum gonadotropin levels have idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Mutations in three genes (KAL1, FGFR1, and GNRHR) comprise most of the known genetic causes of IHH. Treatment with testosterone is indicated if fertility is not desired, whereas GnRH or gonadotropin treatment induces spermatogenesis and fertility.     

Combination of ABO blood group incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: effect on hemolysis and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

The incidence (%) of hyperbilirubinemia (serum bilirubin ≥257 μmol/l) was similar in neonates with a combination of ABO incompatibility and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency (45%), with ABO incompatibility (54%) or G-6-PD deficiency (37%), alone (ns). Carboxyhemoglobin values, corrected for inspired CO, were similarly elevated in all three groups (0.87 ± 0.32%, 0.82 ± 0.29%, 0.76 ± 0.18%, respectively, ns), but correlated with bilirubin only in those with ABO incompatibility alone. ABO-incompatible/G-6-PD-deficient neonates, compared with those with either condition alone, are not at increased risk for hemolysis or hyperbilirubinemia.     

The effects of automated encoders on coding accuracy and coding speed

Encoded data on diagnoses and procedures are put to a broad range of uses. Coding accuracy and speed are imperative. One method that coding experts have recommended to improve coding accuracy and speed is automated encoders. The article describes the effect of automated encoders on coding accuracy and speed when used by trained coding staff. A study involving six Veterans Administration medical centers found that, overall, coding accuracy improved 19.4 percent after implementation of encoding software. The effect on coding speed, however, depended on the system set-up, with some set-ups actually reducing the number of discharges coded per day.     

Reducing your risk of burnout

Burnout is a common phenomenon of today's workplace. Burnout is attributed to stress in the work environment. Today's health care environment with its rapidly changing requirements is an especially obvious example. Prevention of burnout, then, becomes particularly crucial. Certain personality types are resistant to burnout; unfortunately, other personality types are susceptible to burnout. However, managers and supervisors can use knowledge of personality types and their corresponding strengths and vulnerabilities to protect themselves and their subordinates from burnout. There are also general and type-specific coping efforts that people can use.