青霉素配伍利多卡因后的药物动力学研究

本文报道青霉素配伍利多卡因后的药物动力学及生物利用度研究结果,证明利多卡因对青霉素的生物利用度无影响,且可促进青霉素的吸收,为良好的青霉素无痛溶媒,建议推广使用。     

100例SARS患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的 :探讨SARS患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化。方法 :采用流式细胞仪检测10 0例SARS住院患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 :与正常组比较 ,SARS组白细胞总数显著下降 ,淋巴细胞百分数和绝对数显著下降 ,粒细胞绝对数显著下降 ,CD3 、CD4 、CD8 细胞绝对数显著下降 ,CD4 细胞百分数 ,CD8 细胞百分数及CD4 /CD8 比值差异无统计学意义。比较SARS患者各病程CD3 、CD4 、CD8 ,于病程第一至第三周较第四周下降明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,病程第一至第三周之间差别无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;结论 :SARS患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化对阐明SARS的发病机制有一定意义。     

银杏叶提取物联合盐酸文拉法辛对抑郁大鼠海马nNOS蛋白表达及NO水平的影响

目的 :探讨抑郁症脑损伤的机制 ,研究银杏叶提取物 (EGb)及合成抗抑郁药盐酸文拉法辛(Venlafaxine)对抑郁大鼠的抗脑损伤及神经元保护作用。方法 :慢性应激建立大鼠抑郁模型。将 84只雄性大鼠分为正常对照组、抑郁模型组和不同治疗组。快速断头法处死 ,取海马后一侧进行免疫组化反应 ,观察海马CA3区nNOS蛋白的表达 ;另一侧检测NO含量 ;同时测定血清中NO含量。结果 :抑郁模型组海马nNOS表达增加 ,海马及血清中NO含量增加 ,P <0 0 1;联合用药组海马nNOS表达下降 ,海马及血清中NO含量减少 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :慢性应激增加海马nNOS表达 ;EGb有减轻神经元损伤 ,保护神经元的作用 ,其与Venlafaxine合用可能会达到对抑郁进行多靶点、多层次的治疗 ,弥补单一用药的不足。     

强的松对大白鼠心肺肝脾肾影响的病理改变

为了解强的松对心肺肝脾肾影响的病理改变,应用正常Wistar大白鼠28只,分实验组及对照组各14只。实验组给予相当于人2mg/kg.d等效剂量的强的松片剂溶入当日饮水中,对照组饮自来水,共10周,之后解剖光镜见对照组心肺肝脾肾及实验组心肺均无异常。实验组肝肾轻度充血,脾充血明显,且见较多舍铁血黄素沉着,以红髓边缘明显。证实常规剂量的强的松对肝脾肾也有一定不良影响,应用激素时要注意及时调整剂量和给药方式与时间,尽量减少副作用。     

郑州市4123名中学生吸烟状况调查

目的：了解郑州市中学生吸烟状况。方法：采用问卷法对６所中学４１２３名学生进行吸烟状况调查。结果：中学生总吸烟率为４５１６％（１８６２／４１２３）。其中,高中组吸烟率（５０４９％）高于初中组（３９４９％）,男生吸烟率（７０１９％）明显高于女生（３１５％）,且中学生吸烟的严重性随年龄的增加而增加;父母的文化程度、周围人群的吸烟情况与学生吸烟率有密切关系。结论：中学生吸烟问题较重,为保护中学生的身心健康应大力开展卫生宣教。     

妊娠期血清铁、叶酸、维生素B_(12)的调查分析

目的:观察妊娠期女性血液中铁、叶酸及维生素B12的变化情况。方法:将200名妊娠期女性分成早、中、晚期及足月妊娠四组,分别测定其血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12的水平,与对照组妇女的血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12水平进行比较。结果:自中期妊娠开始,随着妊娠月份的增加,孕妇血清铁、叶酸、维生素B12水平明显下降,晚期妊娠为最低,足月妊娠期水平略有回升。结论:妊娠期孕妇体内铁、叶酸及维生素B12的消耗增加,应适当补充。     

内毒素对心血管影响的研究进展

细菌内毒素(Endotox in)是革兰氏阴性菌(G-)细胞壁上的一种特有结构,细菌内毒素引起的内毒素血症和内毒素休克乃是临床常见的危重病症,它可引起多脏器损害(M ODS),直至休克死亡。内毒素对心脏损害逐渐引起重视,笔者将最近国内外有关内毒素对心血管影响的研究作一综述。     

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects of Racism on Mental Health Among Residents of Black Neighborhoods in New York City

Objectives. We investigated the impact of reported racism on the mental health of African Americans at cross-sectional time points and longitudinally, over the course of 1 year.Methods. The Black Linking Inequality, Feelings, and the Environment (LIFE) Study recruited Black residents (n = 144) from a probability sample of 2 predominantly Black New York City neighborhoods during December 2011 to June 2013. Respondents completed self-report surveys, including multiple measures of racism. We conducted assessments at baseline, 2-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Weighted multivariate linear regression models assessed changes in racism and health over time.Results. Cross-sectional results varied by time point and by outcome, with only some measures associated with distress, and effects were stronger for poor mental health days than for depression. Individuals who denied thinking about their race fared worst. Longitudinally, increasing frequencies of racism predicted worse mental health across all 3 outcomes.Conclusions. These results support theories of racism as a health-defeating stressor and are among the few that show temporal associations with health.Racism doggedly structures American social life and institutions. In February 2014—Black History Month—The New York Times reported and editorialized on several racial inequalities and racist events, including overly harsh and racially patterned disciplinary policies in schools; the impact of mass incarceration on disenfranchisement; racial gaps in access to conventional mortgages; the defacement of and hanging of a noose on a campus statue of James Meredith, the University of Mississippi’s first Black student; and the death of Jordan Davis, a Black youth shot by a White man enraged by his playing loud hip-hop (“thug music”).1–5Most often, experiences with racism are not newsworthy, but quotidian; they are the product of a society for which racism is part and parcel of doing business.6 As a result, individuals who face racism must not only cope with the opportunity costs of racial exclusion but also manage emotional consequences and the awareness that it is likely to be an ongoing stressor.7 Whether as discrete instances of discriminatory exclusion from societal resources or as behaviors and social narratives that subjugate people of African ancestry, racism causes pain that many Black people would rather not acknowledge and to which many Whites remain inured.8 This pain is borne out in empirical research showing that racism negatively affects mental health.A 2006 review of the literature on racism and health analyzed 62 studies and found negative associations with mental health outcomes to be the most consistent finding.9 Similarly, a meta-analysis published 3 years later identified 110 studies on discrimination and mental health, with outcomes including symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, and several measures of general well-being.10 Discrimination was negatively (average zero-order correlation = −0.20) and equally associated across outcomes, with recent and chronic events having stronger effects than cumulative lifetime events. Although findings on mental health are often consistent, it is notable that they emanate from numerous and conceptually distinct measurements of exposure. The 2006 review found 152 different instruments employed.9 These measures assess interpersonal acts, daily hassles, more severe racist events, and nonspecific discrimination (unfair treatment), though the most common theoretical frame is often a stress-coping model.11Research conducted subsequent to these reviews continues to show the psychological sequelae of racism. One study investigated whether the experience of racism relates most strongly to psychiatric disorders with symptom profiles analogous to responses to racism. Results supported this premise: discriminatory experiences predicted generalized anxiety disorder, with its symptoms of chronic anxiety, worry, and muscle tension.12 Other work has linked racism with symptoms of depression among Black men, and risk increased for men who experienced difficulty in and fears about expressing their feelings.13 Finally, in a sample of US-born Black participants, reports of high levels of discrimination were associated with increased psychological distress, particularly for those who accepted unfair treatment as a fact of life.14Taken together, accumulated evidence is consistent on the negative mental health effects of racism, but because the majority of work is cross-sectional (76% in 1 review9), the ability to identify causes is reduced and researchers have called for longitudinal studies that better model directionality. One such study investigated everyday discrimination and symptoms of depression among a sample of Black women in Detroit. There, discrimination reported at baseline and change in discrimination over time predicted increases in depression over time.12We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of the mental health impact of experiences with racism. We used self-report of nonspecific psychological distress, symptoms of depression, and the number of days in poor mental health over the past month to examine whether racism reported at baseline was associated with concurrently reported mental health indicators and with indicators 1 year later and whether changes in experiences with racism over time were associated with changes in mental health indicators.     

Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Activities of a Quaternary Compound from Ritchiea Capparoides Var. Longipedicellata

The leaves of Ritchiea capparoides var. longipedicellata (Capparidaceae) is used in ethnomedicine in South-Western Nigeria to treat infectious and parasitic diseases. This study was aimed at identifying the compound(s) that are responsible for the antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities of the leaves and also to contribute to the chemistry of the plant species. A 70 % aqueous ethanolic extract of the leaves of R. longipedicellata was subjected to repeated liquid chromatographic methods on silica gel, Lobar RP-18 column and Sephadex LH-20 to isolate a Draggendorf positive compound. The compound was identified by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, ultra-violet spectroscopy and polarimetry. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was evaluated using the microbroth dilution method while the antiplasmodial activity was carried out according to Trager and Jenson (1976). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was expressed in mg/ml. The isolated compound, leavoisomer of stachydrine, inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli NCTC 8196 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 at the MIC of 5 mg/ml. In the anti-malaria assay, the compound had inhibitory activity with the concentration required to cause 100% lethality being 0.667 mg/ml.Conclusion: The antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of quaternary ammonium compounds are well documented. However, this study is the first report of the presence and biological activities of this compound in this plant species which may justify the ethnomedicinal uses of the leaves.