Changes in causes and age of death in an eastern German county over a period of 14 years. Comparison of rural and urban populations. Focus on COPD and ischemic heart disease

Journal of Public Health - We aimed to determine whether the causes of death, age of death and burden of disease have changed in the last years and whether there are differences between males and...     

The anaesthetist as determinant factor of quality of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. A survey in a university hospital.

In actual surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis, the anaesthetist administers the drugs at induction of anaesthesia. In the first phase of our qualityofuse intervention study on antimicrobial drugs in a large university hospital, information on the practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis was needed. The staff of 44 anaesthetists was interviewed by means of a questionnaire. Response rate was 36/44 (82%). The anaesthetists' method of administering surgical prophylaxis was rather uniform and inexpensive: cephalosporins were almost exclusively administered by bolus method. The main reason was that infusion was more cumbersome (range 7785%). Communication between surgeon and anaesthetist was reported to be poor, and in two out of three operating departments, orders of prophylaxis transmitted at or after induction accounted for more than 80%. Seventyseven percent of the responders asked the surgeon if prophylaxis was necessary if they were in doubt; 20% responded that they checked it systematically. The data collected by the inquiry proved useful in the process of optimizing surgical prophylaxis in our hospital.     

Preoperative outpatient evaluation of young adults by anesthesiologist: anamnesis and physical examination are satisfactory--short questionnaire of Dutch Public Health Council is not

The report of the Netherlands Health Council 'Preoperatief onderzoek; een herijking van uitgangspunten' recommends that the health status of patients aged 16-39 years can be investigated preoperatively by the anaesthesiologist using a short questionnaire (6 questions). However, it is not clear whether such an abbreviated preoperative investigation will be informative enough for a safe and balanced anaesthesiologic management. An overview of relevant literature on the subject of preoperative investigation indicates that the preoperative physical status of patients as reflected by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification is a predictor of perioperative complications. Patients can be classified accordingly on the basis of an extended history and physical examination only: any routine additional investigation, such as ECG, chest X-ray or laboratory investigations, seem superfluous. Only blood group, rhesus factor and the presence of irregular antibodies may need to be determined if indicated by the kind of surgery. Currently, however, there is not sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the short questionnaire of the Netherlands Health Council is informative enough.     

Intravascular sonotherapy for treatment of in-stent restenosis

Intravascular sonotherapy has been introduced as a potential alternative to brachytherapy for prophylactic and therapeutic application in patients after coronary stent placement. Sonotherapy represents a non-ablative, non-thermal form of therapeutic ultrasound. The ultrasound catheter with diameter between 4 and 5 French carries up to 6 electronic elements operating currently at a frequency of 1.0 to 1.4 MHz. Animal studies have proven the efficacy of intravascular sonotherapy with respect to a reduction of neointimal ingrowth after stent placement. A first multicenter observational study in humans has documented that its application is safe and yields favorable results after coronary stenting, also in complex patient and lesion characteristics. This technique is currently under investigation in large prospective, multicenter, randomized studies performed in patients with de novo stenting or documented in-stent restenosis.     

Drowning

Recent epidemiologic data have shown that the burden of drowning is much greater than expected. Prevention and timely rescue are the most effective means of reducing the number of persons at risk. Early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important factor for survival after submersion. Cerebral damage is a serious threat when the hypoxic period is too long. In most situations, low body temperature is an indication of the severity of the drowning incident. Sometimes hypothermia that occurs during the submersion period can be brain protective. There is also new evidence to support the strategy of inducing mild hypothermia for a period of 12 to 24 hours in comatose drowning victims. In immersed patients, hypothermia should be treated. The most appropriate technique will depend on the available means in the hospital and the condition of the patient. Treatment of pulmonary complications depends on the lung injury that occurred during aspiration and the bacteria involved in aspiration. Understanding the pathophysiology of drowning may help us to understand lung injuries and ischemic brain injuries.