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排序方式: 共有337条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Silvia Ciairano Silvia Bonino Wendy Kliewer Renato Miceli Sandy Jackson 《Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology》2006,35(2):275-282
Associations among dating, sexual activity, gender, and adjustment were investigated in 2,273 Italian adolescents (54% female, ages 14 to 19 years) attending public high schools. After controlling for age and type of school attended, both being in a dating relationship and being male were associated with less alienation, more positive views of the self, and higher general expectations for success. Sexual activity interacted with both gender and dating status in predicting feelings of depression. For boys, there were no differences between youth who were sexually active and youth who were not; however, sexually active girls had higher levels of depressive symptoms than girls who were not sexually active. Among youth who were not sexually active, there were small differences between daters and nondaters; among sexually active youth, daters had lower levels of depression than nondaters. Gender differences in adolescents' experience of dating and sexual relationships and implications for adjustment are discussed. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: Nondipping status (<10% decrease in blood pressure [BP] from awake to asleep) has been associated with end-organ disease (stroke and left ventricular hypertrophy) in adults. Nondipping status has also been observed in 30% of healthy African American adolescents, but little is known about the correlates of nondipping status in adolescents. This study examined the relationship between violence exposure, catecholamine excretion, and BP nondipping status in 56 healthy African American adolescents (27 boys, 29 girls; ages 11-18 years). METHODS: Participants completed the Survey of Exposure to Community Violence, wore an ambulatory BP monitor and provided one timed day and night urine collection for determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion. RESULTS: Boys had higher daytime epinephrine (5.1 +/- 3.3 vs. 2.6 +/- 2.3 ng/min, p < .001) and norepinephrine excretion (29.2 +/- 25.1 vs. 16.5 +/- 14.9 ng/min, p < .05) and showed a greater prevalence of mean BP nondipping status than girls (37% vs. 10%, p < .03). Mean BP nondipping status was positively associated with victimization (r = 0.42, p < .0001). Regression analyses indicated a significant interaction between hearing about violence and sex for predicting daytime epinephrine (p < .02), with male nondippers showing a stronger positive association (partial correlation = 0.59, p < .05) than females (partial correlation = 0.03, p = NS). Logistic regressions also demonstrated a significant interaction between hearing about violence and sex for predicting mean BP dipping status, with male nondippers reporting the greatest exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Mean BP nondipping was associated with victimization in both boys and girls. Boys who reported higher levels of hearing about violence showed greater daytime epinephrine excretion and were more likely to be classified as nondippers. 相似文献
8.
Donor insemination: child development and family functioning in lesbian mother families 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Ponjaert I; Van Hall EV; Golombok S 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(6):1349-1359
Findings are presented of a comparative study investigating the family
relationships and the emotional and gender development of children raised
in lesbian mother families. A total of 30 lesbian mother families with 4-8
year old children created as a result of donor insemination (DI) were
compared with 38 heterosexual families with a DI child and with 30
heterosexual families who had a naturally conceived child. A variety of
assessment measures, including a standardized interview and questionnaires
from the parents and psychological testing of the child were used to
collect the data. The quality of the couples' relationships and the quality
of the mother-child interaction did not differ between lesbian mother
families and either of the heterosexual family groups. The quality of the
interaction between the social mother and the child in lesbian families was
superior to that between the father and the child in both groups of
heterosexual families. Childrens' own perception of their parents was
similar in all family types; the social mother in lesbian families was
regarded by the child to be as much a 'parent' as the father in both types
of heterosexual families. With regard to their emotional/behavioural
development, boys and girls raised in lesbian mother families were well
adjusted and their gender role development did not differ from that of
children raised in heterosexual families. These results indicate that child
and family development in lesbian mother families is similar to that of
heterosexual families.
相似文献
9.
Donor insemination: Dutch parents' opinions about confidentiality and donor anonymity and the emotional adjustment of their children 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
Brewaeys A; Golombok S; Naaktgeboren N; de Bruyn JK; van Hall EV 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(7):1591-1597
Results from a comparative study investigating 38 donor insemination (DI)
Dutch families with 4-8 year old children are presented. The aims of this
study were to investigate parents' opinions on the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity, to assess the emotional development of
the children, and to examine in DI families the association between secrecy
with regard to the use of a donor and the emotional adjustment of the
children. The DI families were compared to families with a child conceived
by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and to families with a naturally conceived
child. Secrecy appeared to be associated with DI and not with IVF: 74% of
the DI parents intended not to inform the child about the way in which
she/he was conceived, whereas none of the IVF parents intended to keep the
secret. Only one set of DI parents and two sets of IVF parents had actually
told the child. As to donor anonymity, a spread of opinions appeared among
DI parents; 57% preferred an anonymous donor, 31% would have liked non-
identifying information about the donor, 9% preferred the donor's identity
to be registered and 3% remained unsure. Parents' major concern was to know
more about the medical/genetic background of the donor. Mothers and fathers
in the DI families differed in their opinions concerning the issues of
confidentiality and donor anonymity: fathers, more often than mothers, were
secretive with regard to the use of a donor and husbands, more often than
their wives, were in favour of donor anonymity. With regard to the
emotional development of the children, more emotional/behavioural problems
were revealed among DI children than among children who were naturally
conceived. No association was found between secrecy and the
emotional/behavioural adjustment of the children.
相似文献
10.
Hope, Coping, and Adjustment Among Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Tests of Mediator and Moderator Models 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Tested mediator and moderator models of hope, coping, and adjustmentin 39 children with sickle cell disease. In home interviewsparents provided information on demographics and functionaladjustment. Children self-reported levels of hope, coping strategies,and psychological adjustment. Coping strategies moderated, butdid not mediate, the relationship between hope and adjustment.Hope was negatively associated with anxiety when active coping,support coping, and distraction coping was high. Avoidance copingdid not moderate the hope-adjustment relationship but was positivelyrelated to anxiety. No effects were found for depressive symptomsor for the functional measures of adjustment. 相似文献