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2.
Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Abhinav Sharma Adrian Coles Nishant K. Sekaran Neha J. Pagidipati Michael T. Lu Daniel B. Mark Kerry L. Lee Hussein R. Al-Khalidi Udo Hoffmann Pamela S. Douglas 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2019,73(8):893-902
Background
The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess whether a diagnostic strategy based on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is superior to functional stress testing in reducing adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes (CV death or myocardial infarction [MI]) among symptomatic patients with diabetes.Methods
PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) was a randomized trial evaluating an initial strategy of CTA versus functional testing in stable outpatients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. The study compared CV outcomes in patients with diabetes (n = 1,908 [21%]) and without diabetes (n = 7,058 [79%]) based on their randomization to CTA or functional testing.Results
Patients with diabetes (vs. without) were similar in age (median 61 years vs. 60 years) and sex (female 54% vs. 52%) but had a greater burden of CV comorbidities. Patients with diabetes who underwent CTA had a lower risk of CV death/MI compared with functional stress testing (CTA: 1.1% [10 of 936] vs. stress testing: 2.6% [25 of 972]; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.38; 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.79; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in nondiabetic patients (CTA: 1.4% [50 of 3,564] vs. stress testing: 1.3% [45 of 3,494]; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.54; p = 0.887; interaction term for diabetes p value = 0.02).Conclusions
In diabetic patients presenting with stable chest pain, a CTA strategy resulted in fewer adverse CV outcomes than a functional testing strategy. CTA may be considered as the initial diagnostic strategy in this subgroup. (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550) 相似文献3.
David H. Wilson Catherine R. Chittleborough Kerry Kirke Janet F. Grant Richard E. Ruffin 《Sozial- und Pr?ventivmedizin》2004,13(5):406-412
Objectives: Heavy smokers are a segment of the smoking population who are at increased risk of smoking-related morbidity and least likely to achieve cessation. This study identifies the impact of heavy smoking on quality of life by gender and describes the subpopulation for improved targeting.Methods: South Australian representative population data (n = 3010) was used to compare the health-related quality of life status of male and female heavy smokers as assessed by the SF-36. 相似文献
4.
Dr. Caroline S. Zeind Pharm.D. Dr. Kerry O. Cleveland M.D. Dr. Madhavi Menon M.D. Dr. James R. Brown Pharm.D. Dr. David K. Solomon Pharm.D. 《Pharmacotherapy》1996,16(4):547-561
The optimum therapy for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains unresolved. Traditional therapy consists of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine. Obstacles exist in administering these agents to patients with AIDS. Mortality rates during initial therapy are relatively high. Given the lack of proved benefit, we do not recommend adding flucytosine to amphotericin B routinely. The search for more efficacious and less toxic agents continues. The oral triazoles, especially fluconazole, have increased the options for treatment of this disease. New strategies and novel approaches in managing cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS continue to be developed. 相似文献
5.
E Y S?zmen Z Kerry F Uysal G Yetik M Yasa L Ustünes T Onat 《Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine》2000,38(1):21-25
There is a large body of literature describing the causative role of oxidative stress mediated by increased levels of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. The positioning of a soft silicone collar around the rabbit carotid artery elicits intimal thickening. The findings from recent studies demonstrated that both intimal thickening and atherosclerosis lead to synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase, resulting in abundant amounts of nitric oxide. We investigated the effects of collaring and nicardipine treatment on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and total nitrite/nitrate levels, stable products of nitric oxide. Placing the collar increased the total nitrite/ nitrate levels and decreased superoxide dismutase activity in collared arteries. Treatment with nicardipine (20 mg/kg/day, s.c.) prevented enhanced nitric oxide degradation without affecting superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Our results suggest that enhanced nitric oxide production and superoxide anion are generated in response to the collaring, resulting in oxidative stress within the segment in this model. 相似文献
6.
J Brent Richards William D Leslie Lawrence Joseph Kerry Siminoski David A Hanley Jonathan D Adachi Jacques P Brown Suzanne Morin Alexandra Papaioannou Robert G Josse Jerilynn C Prior K Shawn Davison Alan Tenenhouse David Goltzman 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2007,22(2):228-234
The impact of clinical risk factor-based absolute risk methods on the prevalence of high risk for osteoporotic fracture is unknown. We applied absolute risk methods to 6646 subjects and found that the prevalence of elderly women deemed to be at high risk increased substantially, whereas the overall prevalence was highly dependent on the threshold used to designate high risk. INTRODUCTION: Many groups have advocated using absolute risk methods that incorporate clinical risk factors to target patients for osteoporosis therapy. We examined how the application of such absolute risk classification systems influences the prevalence of those considered to be at high risk for osteoporotic fracture and compared these systems to one based solely on BMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 6646 subjects from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos), a prospective, randomly selected, population-based cohort, we assessed three different systems for determining prevalence of high risk for osteoporotic fracture: a BMD-based system; a simplified risk factor system incorporating age, sex, BMD, and two clinical risk factors; and a comprehensive system, incorporating age, sex, BMD, and seven clinical risk factors. The 10-year absolute risks of incident fragility fracture were compared across systems using three different high-risk thresholds. RESULTS: The prevalence of a T score < or = -2.5 was 18.8% (95% CI: 17.7-19.9%) in women and 3.9% (95% CI: 3.0-4.7%) in men. Using a 15% 10-year risk of fracture threshold, the prevalence of women at high risk increased to 46.9% (95% CI: 45.4-48.4) and 42.5% (95% CI: 41.1-43.9) when the comprehensive and simplified risk factor classification systems were used, respectively. Using a 25% 10-year absolute risk threshold, the prevalence of high risk was similar to that of the BMD-based system, whereas the 20% threshold gave intermediate rates. All thresholds analyzed resulted in an increased prevalence of older women at high risk for fracture, whereas only the 15% 10-year risk of fracture threshold resulted in an increase in the prevalence of men at high risk. CONCLUSIONS: The application of risk factor-based systems results in an increased prevalence of older women at high risk. The prevalence of individuals at high risk may increase with changes to the methods used to determine those who are eligible for therapy. These data have important implications for the pattern of care and costs of treating osteoporotic fractures. 相似文献
7.
A great deal is now known about the mechanisms of conditioned fear acquisition and expression. More recently, the mechanisms
of inhibition of conditioned fear have become the subject of intensive study. The major model system for the study of fear
inhibition in the laboratory is extinction, in which a previously fear conditioned organism is exposed repeatedly to the fear-eliciting
cue in the absence of any aversive event and the fear conditioned response declines. It is well established that extinction
is a form of new learning as opposed to forgetting or “unlearning” of conditioned fear, and it is hypothesized that extinction
develops when sensory pathways conveying sensory information to the amygdala come to engage GABAergic interneurons through
forms of experience-dependent plasticity such as long-term potentiation. Several laboratories currently are investigating
methods of facilitating fear extinction in animals with the hope that such treatments might ultimately prove to be useful
in facilitating exposure-based therapy for anxiety disorders in clinical populations. This review discusses the advances that
have been made in this field and presents the findings of the first major clinical study to examine the therapeutic utility
of a drug that facilitates extinction in animals. It is concluded that extinction is an excellent model system for the study
of fear inhibition and an indispensable tool for the screening of putative pharmacotherapies for clinical use. 相似文献
8.
PURPOSE: This articles explores cultural perceptions and values related to brain death and organ donation from both a Western and non-Western perspective. SOURCE: Anthropological literature review of the historical concept of brain death in Canada using Eastern culture as a comparison. Principal findings: Although the concept of brain death and concomitant organ donation have become widely practiced in Western nations such as Canada, from a cross-cultural point of view these concepts and practices can be deeply troubling and may hold profoundly different meaning to people new to Canada. CONCLUSIONS: Canada has a deep commitment and obligation to respect diversity as reflected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Therefore, healthcare workers have an obligation to respect cultural differences. To truly respect cultural differences we must first explore our own culturally formulated belief systems and then consider how our views may interface with other cultures. Our findings call for a greater analysis of the cultural influences on the concept of brain death and organ donation as a means of building a better understanding and respect for cultural diversity. 相似文献
9.
Jesse S Siffledeen Kerry Siminoski Hillary Steinhart Gordon Greenberg Richard N Fedorak 《Journal canadien de gastroenterologie》2003,17(8):473-478
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is a putative, pathogenic cofactor in the increase in osteopenia and osteoporosis seen in patients with Crohn's disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of low serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25-OHD) levels and the associated alterations in bone mineral density in a cohort of adults with Crohn's disease. METHODS: 25-OHD levels were determined in 242 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease seen in two tertiary inflammatory bowel disease referral centres. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Nineteen (8%) patients exhibited vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD less than 25 nmol/L) and 52 (22%) patients exhibited vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD less than 40 nmol/L). Mean T-scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and ultradistal radius in the group with low 25-OHD did not differ from those of the normal 25-OHD group. Serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels were higher in the low 25-OHD group than in the normal group. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) folate predicted low 25-OHD in male patients, while smoking, RBC folate and serum iron predicted low 25-OHD in female patients. The rate of low 25-OHD deficiency in the winter was significantly higher than that in the summer (11.9% versus 2.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D-deficient Crohn's disease patients exhibit biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease, without detectable differences in bone mineral density. Sunlight exposure, nutrition and smoking status were predictors of vitamin D deficiency in this patient cohort. 相似文献
10.