Small proportions: what to report for confidence intervals?

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2005; 14: 239–247.     

New vitamin D3 derivatives with unexpected antiproliferative activity: 1-(hydroxymethyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 homologs.

Surprisingly, both of the synthetic 1-(hydroxymethyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 diastereomers (-)-2 and (+)-3 retained the antiproliferative activity of natural calcitriol in murine keratinocytes. Preliminary studies indicated, however, that both of these synthetic diastereomers were less than 0.1% as effective as calcitriol for binding to the 1,25-(OH)2-D3 receptor and that they were less than 0.1% as potent as calcitriol for calbindin-D28K induction in organ-cultured embryonic chick duodenum. 1-(Hydroxymethyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 homologs (-)-2 and (+)-3 were synthesized in a convergent manner by combining enantiomerically pure C,D-ring ketone 12 with highly enantiomerically enriched A-ring phosphine oxides (-)-11a and (+)-11b. These A-ring chirons were prepared starting from thermal [2 + 4] cycloaddition of 3-bromo-2-pyrone and acrolein.     

Copper ion-mediated modification of bases in DNA in vitro by benzoyl peroxide

The mouse skin tumor promoter benzoyl peroxide (BzPO), in conjunctionwith Cu(I), causes promutagenic damage in DNA. Because freeradical intermediates are produced by the reaction of BzPO withCu(I), we sought to determine whether BzPO plus Cu(I) causedDNA base damage typical of that caused by the hydroxyl radical.A broad range of modified DNA bases were measured by GC-MS withselected-ion monitoring after exposure of purified plasmid pCMVßgalDNA to BzPO ± Cu(I). Exposure to BzPO/Cu(I) caused upto 20-fold increases in the levels of adenine-derived modifiedbases, and only a <2-fold increase in thymine-derived modifiedbases. The guanine-derived modified base 8-hydroxyguanine waselevated to the highest net amount, 160 molecules/10⁵ DNA bases.Exposure to BzPO alone or Cu(I) alone induced only minor (<<2-fold) DNA base modification. Also, benzoic acid, the majornon-radical metabolite of BzPO, or BzPO plus Fe(II) were ineffectiveat inducing DNA base modification. The hydroxyl radical scavengerdimethyl sulfoxide inhibited BzPO/Cu(I)-induced base modificationby 10–50%. These data suggest that the reaction of BzPOwith Cu(I) generates hydroxyl radical or a similarly reactiveintermediate which causes DNA base damage. This damage may beresponsible for BzPO/Cu(I) mediated mutagenesis.     

同种异体黑素细胞移植治疗白癜风

0　引言　白癜风患者免疫紊乱 ,黑素细胞 (melanocyte,MC)异体移植有可能不被排斥 ,治疗如成功将有很大临床前景 [1 ] .探索同种异体黑素细胞移植后的效果很有意义 .1　病例报告　女 ,2 7岁 ,确诊白癜风 (稳定期 ) ,患者皮肤自幼出现色素脱失斑 ,逐渐增多扩大 . 1996年外用“敏白灵”,前2 mo有效 . 1999- 0 7外用补骨酯酊 ,日服 5 g· L- 1 硫酸铜 10m L和中药 1剂 ,转移因子 4m L ,sc,1· 2 d- 1 .皮损缩小 ,4mo后稳定 .用健康男青年环切的包皮培养 MC,第 4代大约80 %融合时 ,用 2 .5 g· L- 1 胰酶消化 5 min,加入含 2 0 0 g·L- 1小…     

Generation of DNA base modification following treatment of cultured murine keratinocytes with benzoyI peroxide

BenzoyI peroxide (BzPO) is a free radical generating compoundthat acts as a tumor promoter and progressor in mouse skin.BzPO is cleaved in the presence of copper to produce benzoyloxyIand phenyI radicals. Treatment of mutation reporter plasmidswith BzPO and copper yields predominantly single-strand breaksand GT transversion mutations. To explore the role of base modificationsin the possible mammalian mutagenicity of BzPO the formationof 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) within the DNA of culturedmurine keratinocytes was investigated. Treatment with 10 µMBzPO produced a maximum 3-fold increase in levels of 8-OHdGversus vehicle controls within1-2 h, with significant levelsof 8-OHdG persisting 6 h after initial exposure to BzPO. Pretreatmentwith the copper chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid reducedthe levelsof 8-OHdG generated by BzOP ot near background. However,treatment with the iron chelator desferal did not. The stablemetabolic product of BzPO benzoic acid was ineffective in producing8-OHdG. Depletion of cellular glutathione with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximineincreased the amount of BzPO-generated 8-OHdG, while supplementationwith glutathione monoethyI ester reduced the number of 8-OHdGmolecules formed. Collectively, these results suggest that BzPOat non-cytotoxic concentrations undergoes copper-dependent activationto a reactive product to generate 8-OHdG within cultured murinekeratinocytes.