青蒿琥酯皮肤擦剂在小鼠和兔体内的药代动力学研究

将青蒿琥酯溶于苯二甲酸二甲酯,加适量氨酮制成皮肤擦剂。给兔脱毛后,皮肤涂抹此擦剂25mg/kg后,血药浓度达峰时间平均为2 h,峰浓度平均为1.80μg/ml。药物在兔体内平均驻留时间为3.54 h,清除半衰期约为2.46 h。给小鼠脱毛皮肤涂抹擦剂6.7,31.3和71.4 mg/kg,血药浓度在给药后0.5～4 h达高峰,峰浓度分别为0.82,2.05和7.11μg/ml,体内药物平均驻留时间为3.39,2.79及3.54 h,清除半衰期为2.35,1.93及2.45 h。可见,给兔及小鼠皮肤擦剂后,青蒿琥酯吸收良好,血药浓度维持时间较长。     

Measuring productivity for home health nurses

Home health managers are under increasing pressure to look at the operations of their agencies with critical eyes to determine whether they are providing the best quality services in the most efficient manner. A primary objective in this agency review is to increase the visit time available while satisfactorily performing the necessary maintenance and administrative services. Because nurses comprise a large portion of agency budgets, a useful starting point is nurses' productivity. An approach is presented which sequentially breaks down nursing time into a number of components. At each step, the resulting figures can be examined to evaluate the existence and nature of problems. Within an agency, this approach allows agencies to identify problems and suggest options for change. In inter-agency comparisons, differences in agency policy which affect productivity are made explicit, making the comparisons more useful. Three measures are also presented to evaluate aspects of overall agency productivity.