FAMILIAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE NATIONAL SWEDISH FAMILY CANCER DATABASE

PURPOSE: We analyzed the risk of bladder cancer in offspring according to parental and sibling cancer using the national Swedish Family Cancer Database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry for 1958 to 1996, including 2,105 cases of bladder cancer in offspring. The standardized incidence ratio was used to measure cancer risk in offspring according to familial cancer status. RESULTS: The incidence ratio of bladder cancer increased in Sweden from 1958 to 1996 and it was 3 to 4-fold higher in males than in females. We identified 65 families in which the parents and offspring had bladder cancer with a familial risk of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97 to 1.79) in sons and 2.29 (95% CI 1.46 to 3.29) in daughters. Discordant cancer sites associated with bladder cancer in the 2 generations were the kidney and thyroid with a standardized incidence ratio of 1.58 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.05) and 1.89 (95% CI 1.00 to 3.05), respectively. Sibling risk was higher compared with offspring risk with a standardized incidence ratio of 2.96 (95% CI 1.41 to 5.08) and in males there was a statistically significant ratio of sibling-to-offspring risk of 2.66 (95% CI 1.29 to 5.45). Patient age at onset modified the familial risk. The highest familial risk of 7.26 (95% CI 2.61 to 14.24) was observed in the brothers of bladder cancer probands diagnosed before age 45 years. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high ratio of sibling-to-offspring risk as well as observed gender specific effects in bladder cancer may reflect an X linked susceptibility gene.     

Further separating and identifying of differentially expressed proteins analyzed by SELDI

目的 探讨以SELDI蛋白质芯片筛选后的细胞差异表达蛋白的分离和鉴定方法及其意义.方法 以经体外培养及10 μmol/L褪黑素药物干预的内皮祖细胞差异表达蛋白质为研究对象,分别采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE和双向凝胶电泳方法进行差异蛋白分离及结果比较,以FT-MS二级质谱鉴定.结果 经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分离后,选取分子量为53 ku左右的趋势性差异表达蛋白进行FT-MS分析,质谱鉴定为微管蛋白-α3(吻合度评分为87).经双向凝胶电泳分离后,于凝胶近酸性端、分子质量在72 ～95 ku之间区域,选取蛋白表达量较高的一点,质谱鉴定其为人热休克蛋白90-α(吻合度评分为91).结论 Tricine-SDS-PAGE对于大致35～62 ku范围的蛋白分离较清晰、重复性好且样品用量少,2-DE对最低上样量有较严格要求,但它能提供分子质量、等电点双重参数来更准确定位所感兴趣蛋白点,且对大分子质量蛋白的分离效果更佳,经质谱鉴定结果理想.     

SELDI蛋白质芯片筛选差异蛋白分子的二级鉴定

 目的 探讨以SELDI蛋白质芯片筛选后的细胞差异表达蛋白的分离和鉴定方法及其意义。 方法 以经体外培养及10μmol/L褪黑素药物干预的内皮祖细胞差异表达蛋白质为研究对象,分别采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE和双向凝胶电泳方法进行差异蛋白分离及结果比较,以FT-MS二级质谱鉴定。 结果 经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分离后,选取分子量为53ku左右的趋势性差异表达蛋白进行FT-MS分析,质谱鉴定为微管蛋白-α3（吻合度评分为87）。经双向凝胶电泳分离后,于凝胶近酸性端、分子量在72～95ku之间区域,选取蛋白表达量较高的一点,质谱鉴定其为人热休克蛋白90-α（吻合度评分为91）。结论Tricine-SDS-PAGE对于大致35～62ku范围的蛋白分离较清晰、重复性好且样品用量少,2-DE对最低上样量有较严格要求,但它能提供分子量、等电点双重参数来更准确定位所感兴趣蛋白点,且对大分子量蛋白的分离效果更佳,经质谱鉴定结果理想。     

Accessibility and Use of Health Care Services in the British Asian Community

British Asians make up 3% of the population. There is evidencethat Asians have difficulty obtaining good quality health care,appropriate to their needs. This article examines some of thisevidence, with examples of specific communities in Britain.In the past, specific health education programmes for Asianshave targeted their ‘special’ needs such as rickets,tuberculosis and thalassaemia. In fact the population itselfperceives its needs differently-improved communication, easieraccess to services, and more information on asthma, diabetes,ischaemic heart disease and skin disorders. It is importantto appreciate that the ‘Asian’ community is madeup of disparate groups with widely differing needs and expectations,and that each community should be considered by health serviceplanners as unique within the context of the health authoritywithin which they lie. Reasons for the mismatch between needand service provision are discussed in the light of the recentreforms in the National Health Service and recommendations forchange are given.     

新疆喀什地区364例维吾尔族孕妇膳食营养状况调查

目的 了解新疆喀什地区维吾尔族孕妇的营养状况,为进行少数民族膳食营养指导和优生优育提供依据。方法 以364例维吾尔族孕妇为研究对象,采用综合调查表收集基本信息,采用3日24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食状况调查,收集数据并建立Excel数据库,与中国营养学会2013年制定的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量DRIs》进行比较。结果 三大产热营养素的供热比结果中孕中、晚期蛋白质供能比低于DRIs,分别为11.60%和11.88%。孕中、晚期蛋白质的摄入量占DRIs的77.03%、69.21%,孕早、中、晚期叶酸摄入量分别占DRIs的12.67%、13.30%、14.27%;钙摄入量分别占DRIs的26.36%、22.42%、26.06%;铁摄入量分别占DRIs的87.05%、71.92%、62.76%;碘摄入量分别占DRIs的9.33%、9.44%、11.23%。蛋白质、铁、钙的来源以植物性食物为主。结论 维吾尔族孕妇膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入普遍不足,蛋白质、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、维生素C、铁摄入不足,维生素B6、叶酸、钙、碘严重缺乏。