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1.
Anthony R. Flores Brittany E. Jewell Erika M. Versalovic Randall J. Olsen Beth A. Bachert Slawomir Lukomski James M. Musser 《Infection and immunity》2015,83(3):1122-1129
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) predominantly exists as a colonizer of the human oropharynx that occasionally breaches epithelial barriers to cause invasive diseases. Despite the frequency of GAS carriage, few investigations into the contributory molecular mechanisms exist. To this end, we identified a naturally occurring polymorphism in the gene encoding the streptococcal collagen-like protein A (SclA) in GAS carrier strains. All previously sequenced invasive serotype M3 GAS possess a premature stop codon in the sclA gene truncating the protein. The carrier polymorphism is predicted to restore SclA function and was infrequently identified by targeted DNA sequencing in invasive strains of the same serotype. We demonstrate that a strain with the carrier sclA allele expressed a full-length SclA protein, while the strain with the invasive sclA allele expressed a truncated variant. An isoallelic mutant invasive strain with the carrier sclA allele exhibited decreased virulence in a mouse model of invasive disease and decreased multiplication in human blood. Further, the isoallelic invasive strain with the carrier sclA allele persisted in the mouse nasopharynx and had increased adherence to cultured epithelial cells. Repair of the premature stop codon in the invasive sclA allele restored the ability to bind the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and cellular fibronectin. These data demonstrate that a mutation in GAS carrier strains increases adherence and decreases virulence and suggest selection against increased adherence in GAS invasive isolates. 相似文献
2.
Christopher M Jewell Melissa E Hays Yukishige Kondo Nicholas L Abbott David M Lynn 《Journal of controlled release》2006,112(1):129-138
The ability of two redox-active, ferrocene-containing cationic lipids [11-(ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA) and bis(11-ferrocenylundecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (BFDMA)] to transfect mammalian cells was investigated. This study sought to determine the range of conditions over which these lipids were capable of transfecting cells and whether the oxidation state of the ferrocenyl groups in these materials could be used to influence the extent of transfection. Experiments conducted in the COS-7 cell line demonstrated that reduced and oxidized FTMA were substantially cytotoxic and did not transfect cells. Subsequent experiments conducted using BFDMA and reporter plasmids encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase demonstrated that BFDMA was able to transfect cells. However, the extent of transfection depended significantly upon both the concentration of BFDMA and the oxidation state of the lipid. Quantitative characterization of cytotoxicity and gene expression demonstrated that a window of concentration existed over which reduced BFDMA was non-cytotoxic and yielded high levels of transfection, but over which electrochemically oxidized BFDMA yielded very low (background) levels of transfection. Characterization of lipoplexes using dynamic light scattering demonstrated that reduced and oxidized BFDMA formed small aggregates (ca. 90 to 250nm) at concentrations of lipid ranging from 2 to 10 microM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the oxidation state of BFDMA, which can be controlled electrochemically, can be used to control the extent of cell transfection. These results could form the basis of transfection procedures that exploit the redox behavior of ferrocene-containing lipids to achieve active spatial and temporal control over transfection using electrochemical methods. 相似文献
3.
Kathleen R. Delaney RN NP DNSc 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》2006,19(4):194-202
Milieu relationships provide the critical background presence to staff's attempts to motivate, regulate, and teach patients how to cope with stress. Forging a connection with hospitalized children and adolescents demands attention to how they respond to adults and engage with staff around milieu expectations. Assessment guides that deal with these issues are presented. Important aspects of children's relatedness are presented in the context of their working models of adults and the influence of these representations on their response to staff. Coping skills are explained with particular emphasis on behavioral coping strategies. Tied to the assessment process are interventions that emphasize staff's role in helping patients manage strong affects and avoid the use of nonproductive behavior regulation strategies. 相似文献
4.
A case of ultrastructurally confirmed myoepithelioma of the breast studied by fine-needle aspiration biopsy is reported. Aspirated tumor cells were spindle-shaped with well-defined cytoplasm and oval nuclei showing no remarkable nuclear pleomorphism. They were seen mainly in irregular bundles with strong cellular cohesiveness. Their cytoplasm contained S-100 protein demonstrated by the peroxidase antiperoxidase staining technique. 相似文献
5.
6.
Jeremy Jewell Michael Handwerk Julie Almquist Christopher Lucas 《Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology》2004,33(3):536-546
Clinician diagnoses of conduct disorder (CD) were compared to the diagnoses of CD generated by a structured interview against an observed criterion. Participants were 534 youth from a large residential program in the Midwest for delinquent youth. Rates of in-program CD behaviors were gathered from staff observations of the youth over a 9-month time period. Youth diagnosed with CD by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) displayed significantly more CD behaviors in the first 6 months of treatment compared to both youth without an externalizing disorder and youth diagnosed with CD by a clinician. Youth diagnosed with CD by a clinician had rates of CD identical to youth without an externalizing disorder. Clinicians may have weighted contextual information more heavily, as this group was significantly more likely to have an arrest record. Results support the use of structured interviews and provide evidence that typical clinician diagnoses may lack adequate validity. 相似文献
7.
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from a small-bowel lesion can be a problem diagnostically and therapeutically. The authors present a case of multiple small-bowel carcinoids, which were the cause of multiple upper gastrointestinal hemorrhages over a 15-year period. Despite advances in endoscopy and diagnostic imaging, accurate localization and definitive diagnosis remain elusive in such cases. Optimal treatment depends on careful clinical evaluation and timely laparotomy. 相似文献
8.
1. Platelet-activating factor is an inflammatory mediator related to eicosanoids which is known to stimulate anion secretion in the distal colon. Since there are regional differences in ion transport within the colon, the influence of platelet-activating factors on ion transport and epithelial permeability has been studied in rabbit caecum and distal colon mounted in Ussing chambers. 2. The effect of platelet-activating factor (1-50 nmol/l) on net electrogenic ion transport was to stimulate a biphasic increase in short-circuit current in the distal colon but not in the caecum. The platelet-activating factor-induced rise in short-circuit current was shown by ion replacement and pharmacological inhibitor studies to be consistent with chloride and bicarbonate secretion in the early phase, but with chloride secretion alone in the later phase. The effect on ion transport was specific and reversible and was enhanced by 0.25% BSA. 3. Colonic permeability, assessed by transmucosal resistance and mannitol flux, was increased by platelet-activating factor in both the distal colon and the caecum. This was consistent with an effect on platelet-activating factor on the paracellular pathway, because resistance decreased even when transcellular chloride transport was inhibited by frusemide or ion replacement. A specific platelet-activating factor antagonist (U66985) inhibited the effects of platelet-activating factor in both the distal colon and the caecum. 4. The results show that platelet-activating factor stimulates anion secretion only in the distal colon, but increases permeability in both the caecum and the distal colon. 相似文献
9.
10.
Christopher A Pierce George Jewell Mark Mennemeier 《Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society》2003,9(1):72-78
Psychophysical functions are used to characterize both normal perception and altered perception among patients with neglect, yet the reliability of these functions is rarely examined. The present study examined two-week, test-retest reliability for power functions derived from line bisection data among 58 normal, young and old, male and female subjects. Power function exponents and constants were, at best, moderately reliable over time. The size of the exponent tended to decrease at retesting. Reliability coefficients varied by age and gender; they were highly significant for young men, marginally significant for older men, and non-significant for women. Race influenced reliability as coefficients were significant for Caucasian subjects but not for African American subjects. Age and gender effects in this study parallel those in the literature on pseudoneglect, and they may reflect hemispheric differences in visuo-spatial processing, magnitude estimation, or both. 相似文献