Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial: Canadian results

Objectives

We describe the Canadian results of the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS), a novel partially uncovered aortic arch hybrid graft implanted antegrade during hypothermic circulatory arrest to promote true lumen expansion and enhance aortic remodeling.

Midterm Outcomes of the Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation Trial

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Mumbai disease in far western Nepal: HIV infection and syphilis among male migrant-returnees and non-migrants

OBJECTIVE: To measure the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis, and to assess the behavioural risk factors for these infections among migrant-returnees and non-migrants in far western Nepal. METHODS: In April 2001, we recruited 97 male migrant-returnees and 40 non-migrants from five rural villages in Doti district where migration to Mumbai is common. For data collection, we conducted a serological examination for HIV and syphilis, and a perception and behaviour survey on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. RESULTS: We found that 11 of 137 men (8%) were positive for HIV infection and 30 men (22%) for syphilis. The respondents, especially the migrant-returnees from Mumbai, were engaging in risky behaviours such as pre- or extramarital sex, and sex with multiple partners, including sex workers. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed high HIV and syphilis prevalence among the male migrant-returnees and non-migrants in far western Nepal where migration to Mumbai is common. The prevalent behaviours, particularly among the migrant-returnees, imply urgent needs of the behavioural modification programme in this area to prevent the spread of HIV infection to general population.     

Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in animal fecal isolates from Nepal using an FTA filter-base polymerase chain reaction method

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging protozoan parasite capable of causing a protracted diarrheal illness in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Ingestion of fresh produce and water sources contaminated with mature sporulated oocysts results in acquisition of cyclosporiasis. Currently, no animal model exists for the study of this pathogenic parasite and the only confirmed reservoir host for C. cayetanensis in nature is humans. Previously, Cyclospora-like oocysts had been detected by microscopy in several animals including non-human primates. However, their phylogenetic relationship to C. cayetanensis remained uncertain due to the limited availability of molecular techniques to differentiate and speciate these isolates. In the present study, we examined a series of fecal isolates obtained from dogs, chickens, and monkeys collected between May and September 2002 from several geographic regions of Nepal. All samples were examined by microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of C. cayetanensis. Both microscopic and conventional PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis demonstrated the presence of Cyclospora sp. in the fecal samples of two dogs, one chicken, and one monkey. Application of a species-specific multiplex PCR assay confirmed the presence of both Eimeria sp. and C. cayetanensis in the positive chicken sample and only C. cayetanensis in the dog and monkey samples. However, in the absence of tissue analysis, the assignment of these animals as a natural reservoir host for C. cayetanensis remains to be determined.     

Study of Efficacy and the Comparison Between 2.0?mm Locking Plating System and 2.0?mm Standard Plating System in Mandibular Fractures

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and comparison between 2.0 mm locking plate system and 2.0 mm Champy’s titanium mini plating system in mandible fractures.

Materials and Methods

A total of 20 patients with mandibular fractures were selected and divided into two groups A and B on randomized basis. Group A was treated with open reduction internal fixation using 2.0 mm locking plates and group B with 2.0 mm Champy’s titanium miniplates. All patients were followed up for 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results

Results of the study show less screw loosening, less precision in plate adaptation and less alteration of the osseous or occlusal relationship upon screw tightening in group A. Chi square test was applied to compare the results between the two groups. Statistical analysis did not show significant difference of incidence of malocclusion between the two groups (p value = 0.606). Statistical analysis using un-paired t test showed significant difference of working time between the two groups (p value = 0.00296). When comparing the overall complication rates according to plates used, the χ² test showed no statistically significant difference between the locking and nonlocking plates (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

It is observed in our study that the locking plate/screw system offers significant advantages over the conventional plating system. The precise adaptation required for using conventional plates is not needed when this locking plate/screw system is used. Locking plate/screw system provides better stability than the conventional plate/screw system.