Preoperative Aspiration Culture for Preoperative Diagnosis of Infection in Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

This meta-analysis evaluated preoperative aspiration culture for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.78) and 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed nonsignificant worse diagnostic performance for THA than for TKA (sensitivity, 0.70 versus 0.78; specificity, 0.94 versus 0.96). Preoperative aspiration culture has moderate to high sensitivity and very high specificity for diagnosing PJI.     

Revision of Complex Acetabular Defects Using Cages with the Aid of Rapid Prototyping

This study details a method using rapid prototyping (RP) technique to assist in acetabular revision with complex bone defects. Hemi-pelvic RP models were built among 25 patients with complex acetabular bone defects. Each patient was scheduled to undergo revision using either commercially available or customized cages based on individualized RP models. Average follow-up was 4.4 years (range, 1 to 9 years). The average Harris hip score was 36.1 (range, 20 to 58) preoperatively and reached an average of 82.6 (range, 60–96) at the last follow-up. No mechanical failure or loosening was observed. One patient experienced hip dislocation 4 days postoperatively. The resultant findings of this study merit consideration of RP as a helpful clinical complement for dealing with some complex bone defect of acetabulum.     

CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良继发重度骨关节炎髋臼解剖旋转中心重建方法及效果

目的探讨在全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型髋关节发育不良(DDH)继发重度骨关节炎(OA)中准确去除髋臼骨赘及重建人工髋臼解剖旋转中心的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年6月,上海交通大学第九人民医院骨科应用人工全髋关节置换术治疗的31例(36髋)CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA炎患者。病例纳入标准:CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型成人DDH继发终末期OA(TonnisⅣ型),髋关节疼痛影响正常生活方式或工作;排除标准:患侧髋关节有感染史、骨折史及手术史,下肢有感觉障碍及肌力异常。CroweⅡ型25髋,CroweⅢ型11髋。术前应用平片、CT等影像学方法评估髋臼形态及髋臼缘骨赘部位与骨赘量,术中以坐骨结节作为真实髋臼后壁高度的参考标志,准确切除髋臼后缘增生骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志确定真臼位置及深度重建臼杯,最后以臼杯前缘为标志切除髋臼前缘残留骨赘。所有患者均应用生物型臼杯,臼杯直径为44~52 mm。术前、术后对术侧髋关节进行Harris髋关节评分(HHS),术后测量假体旋转中心的垂直与水平距离及外展角。SPSS 13.0统计学软件包处理数据,计量资料应用t检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者均未发生血管、神经损伤及髋臼骨折,旋转中心垂直距离、水平距离分别为(22.5±3.2)mm及(29.4±2.6)mm,与解剖旋转中心符合率为86.11%,外展角为(44.3±3.2)°。随访期间未发生髋关节脱位、假体松动、感染等并发症。Harris髋关节评分(HHS)由术前(38±9)分(25~55分)升至术后末次随访(94±3)分(89~100分),差异有统计学意义(t=35.95,P0.05)。结论CroweⅡ/Ⅲ型DDH继发重度OA的髋臼形态发生明显改变,术前应用CT充分评估髋臼形态,术中准确切除骨赘,以卵圆窝为参考标志重建髋臼旋转中心接近解剖旋转中心,可达到满意的临床效果。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎重症隔离病房护理管理策略

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎重症隔离病房的护理管理方法。方法 通过人员培训、人员配置和排班、建立和实施各项制度与流程、做好医护人员心理疏导和营养保障、加强质控与环节管理5个环节落实新型冠状病毒肺炎病房的护理管理。结果 截至2020年3月10日,收治确诊重症患者130例,治愈出院30例;所有医护人员未发生新型冠状病毒感染。结论 系统的护理管理策略可保障新型冠状病毒肺炎重症隔离病房有序运行,有效完成救治任务,保障医护人员安全。     

温控可置换式盆腔模型的研制与临床应用

目的:设计制作一种贴近人体感觉的可置换式盆腔模型,观察用于妇产科临床教学应用效果。方法:在盆腔模型内使用升温和温度控制设施,使盆腔内温度控制在36.9～37.9℃,模型包括正常大小、妊娠40天、50天、60天、90天及子宫肌瘤、卵巢肿瘤的子宫、附件插件;通过对160名实习学生临床培训,观察应用效果。结果:应用温控可置换式盆腔模型进行临床培训,双合诊检查正确率达64.2%,对照组为20.3%。两组对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温控可置换式盆腔模型的质地、手感、弹性均与人体接近,使实习医生在最短的时间、通过最少的妇科检查掌握双合诊、三合诊技术,该套模型是教学培训的较好工具。     

Direct Leverage for Reducing the Femoral Head in Total Hip Arthroplasty Without Femoral Shortening Osteotomy for Crowe Type 3 to 4 Dysplasia of the Hip

Background

A number of methods for reduction in high hip dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) are time-consuming and laborious, and require great surgical skills. This study aimed to introduce a new reduction technique to achieve rapid, safe, and easy reduction in high hip dislocation.

The promotion of cartilage defect repair using adenovirus mediated Sox9 gene transfer of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Although Sox9 is essential for chondrogenic differentiation and matrix production, its application in cartilage tissue engineering has been rarely reported. In this study, the chondrogenic effect of Sox9 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and its application in articular cartilage repair in vivo were evaluated. Rabbit BMSCs were transduced with adenoviral vector containing Sox9. Toluidine blue, safranin O staining and real-time PCR were performed to check chondrogenic differentiation. The results showed that Sox9 could induce chondrogenesis of BMSCs both in monolayer and on PGA scaffold effectively. The rabbit model with full-thickness cartilage defects was established and then repaired by PGA scaffold and rabbit BMSCs with or without Sox9 transduction. HE, safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the repair of defects by the complex. Better repair, including more newly-formed cartilage tissue and hyaline cartilage-specific extracellular matrix and greater expression of several chondrogenesis marker genes were observed in PGA scaffold and BMSCs with Sox9 transduction, compared to that without transduction. Our findings defined the important role of Sox9 in the repair of cartilage defects in vivo and provided evidence that Sox9 had the potential and advantage in the application of tissue engineering.     

支气管哮喘患者吸入治疗现状调查

目的 了解支气管哮喘患者对疾病的认知程度及吸入糖皮质激素治疗依从性和疾病控制现状,为有效地预防和控制支气管哮喘提供依据.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,对204例支气管哮喘患者采用一般资料调查表、哮喘相关知识问卷、服药依从性量表、哮喘控制测试(ACT)进行调查.结果 支气管哮喘患者哮喘相关知识得分(60.70±9.88)分,处于中上水平;服药依从性总分(14.69±3.57)分,处于中等水平;病情控制总分(18.09±5.03)分,其中完全控制4.90%,部分控制43.14%,未控制51.96%.结论 支气管哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素病情控制水平低下.应加强医患沟通,进行长期、规范的健康教育,以提高患者对疾病的认知和治疗依从性,从而促进患者疾病控制.     

娱乐场所女性性工作者无保护性行为特征分析

目的 了解娱乐场所女性性工作者无保护性行为发生状况及主要影响因素.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,以长沙市某城区内承认有商业性性服务的21家娱乐场所为研究点,在每家场所随机抽取10名,共210名女性性工作者作为样本,采用自编一般情况问卷、STD相关知识问卷和性行为问卷以面对面访谈方式进行调查.结果 共得到有效样本140名,在调查时点前1年内,被调查样本与商业性性伴的无保护性行为发生率为42.5%(54/127);122人(87.1%)报告有非商业性性行为.多因素分析发现无稳定婚姻关系、农村户籍是FSWs与商业性性伴发生无保护性性行为的危险因素.结论 研究点FSWs样既有商业性又有非商业性性行为者比例较高,该行为使FSWs群体成为性社会网络中的"桥梁人群",提示HIV从女性性工作者向普通人群传播的可能性正在增加.