Perioperative outcomes of goal-directed versus conventional fluid therapy in radical cystectomy with enhanced recovery protocol

International Urology and Nephrology - The aim of this study is to evaluate the intra/perioperative fluid management and early postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent radical cystectomy...     

Expression of MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin in rat brainstem motoneurons and nigral dopaminergic neurons

We demonstrate here that motoneurons and nigral dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem of the adult rat, with the exception of motoneurons innervating ocular muscles, display high levels of both MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin mRNAs. These neurons also display interferon-gamma receptor mRNA. We find it striking that these particular neurons are those which are vulnerable to neurodegeneration in diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).     

Cerebrum in offspring of mercury-treated rats

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of mercury on fetal cerebrum. Twenty adult female rats were divided in four groups. All animals became pregnant by natural mating. Mercuric oxide was induced in three groups by different doses at ten terminal days of pregnancy. After parturition, the cerebrum was collected from the offspring of all rats and the weight of the neonates and mothers was measured. Various histological parameters were determined using histological techniques. Results revealed a decrease in neonatal and maternal body weight after parturition compared to control. The thicknesses of the gray and white matter showed a decrease in all test groups. The number of cells in gray matter and white matter reduced in all test groups. The maternal body weight of group T3, the number of cells in gray matter of group T3 and the number of cells in white matter of group T2 and T3 decreased significantly (p?<?0.05) compared to that of control. Mercury exposure exhibited deleterious effects on cerebrum during fetal life, which remained persistent during the post-neonatal period.