To what extent does IQ 'explain' socio-economic variations in function?

Background  

The aims of this study were to examine the extent to which higher intellectual abilities protect higher socio-economic groups from functional decline and to examine whether the contribution of intellectual abilities is independent of childhood deprivation and low birth weight and other socio-economic and developmental factors in early life.     

Zur Frage des Übertritts von Melanogen von der Mutter auf den Säugling über die Muttermilch

Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall von Melanogenurie bei einem 5 Wochen alten Säugling berichtet, dessen Mutter an einem Melanom des Rückens mit Drüsen- und Knochenmetastasen litt. Auch in der Muttermilch war Melanin nachweisbar. 2 Tage nach vorübergehendem Absetzen des Kindes von der Mutterbrust wurde die Melaninprobe negativ. Erneute Darreichung von Muttermilch hatte erneutes Auftreten von Melanogen im Säuglingsharn zur Folge. 2 Tage nach abermaligem Absetzen verschwand das Melanogen wieder aus dem Harn. Dementsprechend braucht das im Säuglingsharn ausgeschiedene Melanogen nicht vom Säugling selbst gebildet zu sein, sondern kann durch die Milch von der Mutter übertragen sein.Eingegangen am 8. Februar 1940.     

Discordant repeat size and phenotype in Kennedy syndrome

Previous reports in the literature have described correlation of increasing repeat length with severity of the phenotype, in Kennedy syndrome. We describe male siblings with different repeat lengths, with lack of expression of the phenotype in the sibling with the longer repeat length. The phenotype was identical to motor neurone disease. There is variability of expression in Kennedy syndrome and repeat length even in siblings cannot be taken as a conclusive indicator of severity. CAG repeat length cannot be used to predict the natural history of Kennedy disease. The diagnosis of Kennedy syndrome should be considered in male patients presenting with atypical motor neurone disease.     

INTERFERONS IN ONCOLOGY

SUMMARY The interferons are natural glycoproteins secreted in response to various stimuli, including viral infection. They have antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects on different target cell populations. Since recombinant human interferons have become available, they have been tested in a wide range of malignancies. They are well established in the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Although they have documented activity against lymphoma, melanoma, renal cell cancer and carcinoid tumours, their role in the treatment of these tumours is less clear. In the common solid tumours, such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer, the use of interferons remains experimental. Here we will summarise their practice applications in oncology, using randomised studies where available to establish their place in multi-modality treatment. We will not discuss their use as antiviral or immunomodulating agents in viral and autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis or after organ transplantation.