蒙药绿松石的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立蒙药绿松石的质量标准。方法 收集不同产地绿松石，共10批。观察绿松石样品和粉末的性状并进行理化鉴别；按2020年版《中国药典》（四部）通则方法测定绿松石样品中水分、浸出物含量；采用原子吸收光谱法测定绿松石样品铜元素含量。结果 绿松石为不规则、周围带有黑石的块状物，表面蓝绿色，体重，质硬脆，难砸碎，断面呈贝壳状，蜡样光泽，粉末呈灰绿色，无臭，味淡；理化鉴别结果显示，呈铜盐反应；10批次样品中水分含量为0.41%-3.94%（SD=1.37%），浸出物含量为0.21%-0.81%（SD=0.21%），铜元素含量为3.03%-4.63%（SD=0.63%）。结论 初步拟定绿松石中水分含量不得超多5.0%、浸出物含量不得低于0.10%，铜元素含量应为2.60%-4.84%，制定的标准可用于蒙药材绿松石的质量控制。     

优克龙治疗输尿管结石(附60例报告)

目的　观察优克龙 (Urocalun )治疗输尿管结石的疗效和安全性。　方法　对 6 0例输尿管结石直径 <1cm的患者予口服优克龙治疗 ,4 5 0mg/次 ,3次 /d ,服药 5周。　结果　 6 0例患者中结石排出 4 5例 (75 % ) ;10例 (17% )结石位置下降 ;5例 (8% )位置无变化。 4例患者服药后有轻度胃部不适、恶心或口干。　结论　优克龙治疗输尿管结石效果良好。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图与核磁共振诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤的对比研究

目的　通过彩色多普勒超声心动图 (CDUCG)和核磁共振成像 (MRI)诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤 (AD)的影像学特征 ,比较两种无创检查技术诊断AD的临床价值。方法　对临床疑诊AD的患者行CDUCG心脏各切面探查 ,重点扫查并测量主动脉各节段异常超声征象 (夹层发生部位、内膜片跨度、管径宽度等 ) ,对相同患者行MRI检查时在扫描图像上辨认并确定夹层发生的部位、撕裂范围等。结果　CDUCG诊断Ⅰ型AD 4例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,Ⅲ型AD 1例。MRI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型AD均可明确诊断。本文 3例Ⅲ型AD经MRI确诊并检出附壁血栓 2例 ,1例Ⅰ型AD可疑 ,余结果同CDUCG。结论　两种技术诊断AD各有优缺点 ,CDUCG偏重于诊断Ⅰ、Ⅱ型 ,MRI适合各型AD的诊断。前者更为迅速、直观 ,重复性强 ,可了解心血管病变的全部信息 ;危急重症患者不宜或难以接受MRI检查。     

T cell response of I-Aq mice to self type II collagen: meshing of the binding motif of the I-Aq molecule with repetitive sequences results in autoreactivity to multiple epitopes

Type II collagen (CII) is of immunological interest because of its repetitive structure and properties as an autoantigen. The mouse gene has recently been cloned, thus enabling T cell-defined epitopes to be identified. Multiple novel epitopes on mouse CII are here detected in the autoreactive T cell response. The major response is directed to an epitope with residues 707-721 located on the CB10 fragment. Some 25 other epitopes are also recognized, including the autologous homologue of the 256-270 epitope which dominates in the response to foreign collagen. The cells reactive with mouse collagen peptides were of Th1 type, as judged by release of IFN-gamma. No significant reactivity was detected to mouse CII peptides during ongoing disease. Alignment of the mouse epitopes revealed a sequence motif with characteristic side chains at residues P1, P4 and P7, and to a lesser extent at P5, within a nonamer core sequence. Binding of these epitopes was simulated in a computer model of the I-Aq molecule, where peptides with anchor residues at P1, P4 and P7 were indeed found to fit the binding groove best. The spacing of pockets and the fine structure of the binding surface of the I-Aq molecule meshes with the repetitive structure of the collagen (X-Y-Gly), thus providing a likely explanation for the occurrence of multiple epitopes. Comparison with human DR binding motifs showed that the I-Aq motif resembles most closely that of the DR4 subtypes which predispose for rheumatoid arthritis.      

Human preovulatory oocytes have a higher sperm-binding ability than immature oocytes under hemizona assay conditions: evidence supporting the concept of "zona maturation"

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sperm-binding potential of human oocytes at different stages of nuclear maturation under hemizona assay (HZA) conditions. DESIGN: This was a prospective study designed in a blinded fashion. SETTING: Academic research environment approved by the Institutional Review Board. PATIENTS: Surplus oocytes, donated by patients undergoing in vitro fertilization therapy after gonadotropin stimulation, were analyzed. Semen from a fertile donor was used in all assays. INTERVENTIONS: Five groups of oocytes were considered: (1) immature, prophase I; (2) metaphase I; (3) metaphase II; (4) inseminated, unfertilized metaphase II; and (5) immature, prophase I oocytes matured in vitro to metaphase II. Oocytes were stored in salt solution (pH 7.2) and microbisected before assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(s): Tight binding of sperm to the zona pellucida under HZA conditions was evaluated after 4 hours of gametes coincubation. RESULTS: Metaphase II oocytes (groups 3 and 4) had significantly higher binding than other groups (P = 0.0001). The mean value of the difference between the two halves (hemizona) was not significant, thus showing a small intra-assay variation for all maturational stages. CONCLUSIONS: Full meiotic competence of human oocytes is associated with an increased zona pellucida-binding potential.     

α_1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨α1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔(Naftopidil)治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的有效性及安全性。方法:采用开放、自身对照、多中心的临床试验方法,应用萘哌地尔25mg,每日1次,对106例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(NBP)患者进行了为期4周的治疗。以美国国立卫生院慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIHCPSI)、前列腺液(EPS)WBC计数及最大尿流率(MFR)为疗效指标,对其有效性及安全性进行观察。结果:服药4周后,可评价病例105例。全组患者NIHCPSI总评分治疗前后平均减低12.0分(P<0.001),症状评分平均减低7.9分(P<0.001),生活质量评分平均减低4.1分(P<0.001)。EPS中WBC计数治疗前及治疗后分别为(15.2±15.1)、(9.5±12.0)个/HP(P<0.01)。MFR治疗前及治疗后分别为(19.2±4.8)、(22.7±4.9)ml/s(P<0.01)。按症状改善评价,治愈2例(1.9%),显效32例(30.5%),有效55例(52.4%),无效16例(15.2%)。总显效率为32.4%,总有效率为84.8%。3例有轻度头晕,1例食欲不佳,不良事件发生率3.81%。结论:萘哌地尔治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎安全、有效。     

北方汉族人群维生素D受体基因Bsm I位点多态性与前列腺癌易感性的相关性分析

目的 :研究低发病的中国汉族人群维生素D受体基因 (VDRG)BsmⅠ 位点单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)与前列腺癌的关系 ,探讨不同种族前列腺癌发病的基因差异。　方法 :收集中国北方地区汉族人群 10 3例前列腺癌病人及10 6例健康对照者外周血标本 ,应用变性高效液相色谱 (DHPLC)检测VDRG第 8内含子BsmⅠ多态位点 ,并对该位点SNP分布进行分析。　结果 :BsmⅠ 多态位点bb、Bb、BB基因型和等位基因在北方地区汉族前列腺癌病人及对照者中的分布频率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,基因型分布频率分别为 92 .2 3%、7.77%、0和 94.34 %、5 .6 6 %、0 ;等位基因B、b分别为 3.88%、96 .12 %和 2 .91%、97.0 9%,而与高发病人群的分布相比有显著不同。　结论 :VDRGBsmⅠ多态性在低发病的中国汉族人群与前列腺癌无相关 ,其分布与高发病人群有明显差异 ,提示VDRGBsmⅠ多态性可能是前列腺癌发病种族差异的原因之一。     

Influence of elevated pH levels on structural and functional characteristics of the human zona pellucida: Functional morphological aspects

Purpose A total of 86 fresh and salt-stored immature human oocytes derived from postmortem ovarian tissue were used for this study.Methods Oocytes were randomly incubated either in synthetic human tubal fluid medium (untreated zonae) or in a chemically defined medium (treated zonae).Results Sperm binding experiments using hemizona assay conditions exhibited a 10-fold increased binding of sperm to treated compared to untreated oocytes (272.7±43 versus 24.3±15 sperm bound, respectively; P<0.0001). pH recordings during incubation showed elevated pH levels of 8.1 compared to pH 7.2 among treated and untreated zonae, respectively. Ultrastructural examination showed a spongy appearance of the surface of treated zonae, whereas untreated zonae appeared compact with smooth surface.Conclusions The marked increase in sperm binding among treated zonae, together with the ultrastructural findings, suggest that the altered zona surface enhances sperm binding. The physiological maturational process of the zona pellucida might be manipulated in vitro, thus increasing sperm binding to the zona.Presented at the IXth World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization and Alternate Assisted Reproduction, April 3–7, 1995. Vienna, Austria.