A genome-wide scan for a simulated data set using two newly developed methods

A genome-wide scan of a simulated data set for fictitious disease genes was conducted using both semiparametric and nonparametric methods. The semiparametric model-based method, which tests for linkage/linkage disequilibrium separately and together, correctly identified all three underlying disease loci along with two false positives through the linkage analysis. However, the nonparametric model-free method which tests combined linkage/linkage disequilibrium, failed to yield any results due to the lack of linkage disequilibrium information in the data.     

Acceptability of condom promotion and distribution among 10 to 19 year-old adolescents in Mpwapwa and Mbeya rural districts, Tanzania

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a leading challenge for global health. Although condoms are acknowledged for their key role on preventing HIV transmission, low and inappropriate use of condoms persists in Tanzania and elsewhere in Africa. This study assesses factors affecting acceptability of condom promotion and distribution among Tanzanian adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected in 2011 as part of a larger cross-sectional survey on condom use among 10-19 year-olds in Mpwapwa and Mbeya rural districts of Tanzania using a structured questionnaire. Associations between acceptability of condom promotion and distribution and each of the explanatory variables was tested using Chi Square. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine independent predictors of the acceptability of condom promotion and distribution using STATA (11) statistical software at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Mean age of the 1,327 adolescent participants (50.5% being males) was 13.5 years (SD=1.4). Acceptance of condom promotion and distribution was found among 37% of the adolescents. Being sexually active and aged 15-19 was the strongest predictor of the acceptability of condom promotion and distribution (OR=7.78, 95% CI 4.65-12.99). Others were; not agreeing that a condom is effective in preventing transmissions of STIs including HIV (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.20-0.56), being a resident of Mbeya rural district (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.19), feeling comfortable being seen by parents/guardians holding/buying condoms (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.40-3.46) and living with a guardian (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.08-2.04). CONCLUSION: Acceptability of condom promotion and distribution among adolescents in Mpwapwa and Mbeya rural is low. Effect of sexual activity on the acceptability of condom promotion and distribution is age-dependent and was the strongest. Feeling comfortable being seen by parents/guardians buying or holding condoms, perceived ability of condoms to offer protection against HIV/AIDS infections, district of residence and living arrangements also offered significant predictive effect. Knowledge of these factors is vital in designing successful and sustainable condom promotion and distribution programs in Tanzania. Key words Acceptability, condom promotion and distribution, adolescents, Tanzania.