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Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in verbal recall deficits and impaired processing of emotion encoded in facial appearance, prosody and the linguistic content of messages. Emotion facilitates memory (emotional memory advantage) for non-brain injured (NBI) individuals but the impact of emotion on verbal recall for linguistically encoded stimuli in TBI has not been explored.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.

Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.

Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.

Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants.  相似文献   

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Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with an increased risk of recurrence and cancer-related death. Unlike hormone receptor-positive or HER2-positive breast cancers, there are limited targeted therapies available to treat TNBC and cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Trop-2 expressing cells and selectively delivering SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan.

Areas covered: This review covers the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with previously treated, metastatic TNBC. Additionally, efficacy data in other epithelial malignancies is included based on a PubMed search for ‘sacituzumab govitecan’ and ‘clinical trial’.

Expert opinion: Sacituzumab govitecan has promising anti-cancer activity in patients with metastatic TNBC previously treated with at least two prior lines of systemic therapy based on a single arm Phase I/II clinical trial. A confirmatory Phase III randomized clinical trial is ongoing. Sacituzumab govitecan has a manageable side effect profile, with the most common adverse events being nausea, neutropenia, and diarrhea. The activity of sacituzumab govitecan likely extends beyond TNBC with promising early efficacy data in many other epithelial cancers, including hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.  相似文献   

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Objectives

Expedient extubation after cardiac surgery has been associated with improved outcomes, leading to postoperative extubation frequently during overnight hours. However, recent evidence in a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit population demonstrated worse outcomes with overnight extubation. This study investigated the impact of overnight extubation in a statewide, multicenter Society of Thoracic Surgeons database.

Methods

Records from 39,812 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve operations (2008-2016) and extubated within 24 hours were stratified according to extubation time between 06:00 and 18:00 (day) or between 18:00 and 6:00 (overnight). Outcomes including reintubation, mortality, and composite morbidity-mortality were evaluated using hierarchical regression models adjusted for Society of Thoracic Surgeons predictive risk scores. To further analyze extubation during the night, a subanalysis stratified patients into 3 groups: 06:00 to 18:00, 18:00 to 24:00, and 24:00 to 06:00.

Results

A total of 20,758 patients were extubated overnight (52.1%) and were slightly older (median age 66 vs 65 years, P < .001) with a longer duration of ventilation (4 vs 7 hours, P < .001). Day and overnight extubation were associated with equivalent operative mortality (1.7% vs 1.7%, P = .880), reintubation (3.7% vs 3.4%, P = .141), and composite morbidity-mortality (8.2% vs 8.0%, P = .314). After risk adjustment, overnight extubation was not associated with any difference in reintubation, mortality, or composite morbidity-mortality. On subanalysis, those extubated between 24:00 and 06:00 exhibited increased composite morbidity-mortality (odds ratio, 1.18; P = .001) but no difference in reintubation or mortality.

Conclusions

Extubation overnight was not associated with increased mortality or reintubation. These results suggest that in the appropriate clinical setting, it is safe to routinely extubate cardiac surgery patients overnight.  相似文献   
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