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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Clonidine decreases plasma and cerebrospinal fluid arginine vasopressin but not oxytocin in humans 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
E R Peskind M A Raskind R D Leake M G Ervin M G Ross D M Dorsa 《Neuroendocrinology》1987,46(5):395-400
To evaluate the alpha 2-noradrenergic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) in normal humans, we measured the effect of the alpha 2-agonist clonidine on concentrations of these neuropeptides in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Subjects underwent two lumbar puncture studies, one of which was performed 100 min after oral administration of 5 micrograms/kg clonidine. Plasma AVP and OT were measured at a single time point 10 min before lumbar puncture. Both plasma and CSF AVP were significantly lower in the clonidine condition than in the control (no drug) condition. Neither plasma nor CSF OT differed significantly between conditions. Our data confirm previous reports of alpha 2-noradrenergic inhibition of neurohypophyseal release of AVP into blood, and extend these findings to healthy human subjects. Our data also suggest that AVP appearance in CSF, presumably from extraneurohypophyseal vasopressinergic neurons, is regulated by an inhibitory alpha 2-noradrenergic mechanism. 相似文献
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D P Figlewicz D M Dorsa L J Stein D G Baskin T Paquette M R Greenwood S C Woods D Porte 《Endocrinology》1985,117(4):1537-1543
Insulin binding was measured in membrane particles prepared from the liver and several brain regions of 4-month-old female Zucker fa/fa (obese), Fa/fa (heterozygous), and Fa/Fa (lean) rats. High affinity insulin binding was decreased in the olfactory bulb of fatty (0.23 pmol bound/mg protein) and heterozygous (0.16 pmol/mg) rats compared with that in the lean controls (0.64 pmol/mg). Total binding was not changed in the cerebral cortex or hypothalamus. High affinity insulin binding was also decreased in the liver of both fatty (0.44 +/- 0.22 pmol/mg; P less than 0.01) and heterozygous (0.75 +/- 0.35 pmol/mg) animals compared with that in the lean rats (2.10 +/- 1.55 pmol/mg). This decreased binding is probably not due to down-regulation of receptors in the heterozygous rats, as they do not exhibit the hyperinsulinemia observed in the fatty rats. Rather, our findings suggest that there is a gene-related alteration in insulin binding in the Zucker rat, as low binding was observed in rats carrying either one (Fa/fa) or two (fa/fa) doses of the gene. We postulate that this central defect in insulin binding may contribute to inadequate perception of a central insulin feedback signal and to the hyperphagia observed in the obese rats. 相似文献
5.
Distribution of neurotensin/neuromedin N mRNA in rat forebrain: unexpected abundance in hippocampus and subiculum. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M J Alexander M A Miller D M Dorsa B P Bullock R H Melloni Jr P R Dobner S E Leeman 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1989,86(13):5202-5206
We have used in situ hybridization to determine the regional distribution of mRNA encoding the neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) precursor in the forebrain of the adult male rat. Cells containing NT/N mRNA are widely distributed in the forebrain. These areas include the septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area, hypothalamus, amygdala, accumbens nucleus, caudate-putamen, and piriform and retrosplenial cortex. In general, the regional distribution of NT/N mRNA corresponds to the previously determined distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive cell bodies; however, several notable exceptions were observed. The most striking difference occurs specifically in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where intense labeling is associated with the pyramidal cell layer despite the reported absence of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in this region. Analysis of microdissected tissue by S1 nuclease protection assay confirmed the abundance of authentic NT/N mRNA in CA1. A second major discrepancy between NT/N mRNA abundance and neurotensin-immunoreactivity occurs in the intensely labeled subiculum, a region that contains only scattered neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the adult. These results suggest that, in specific regions of the forebrain, NT/N precursor is processed to yield products other than neurotensin. In addition, these results provide an anatomical basis for studying the physiological regulation of NT/N mRNA levels in the forebrain. 相似文献
6.
Yohimbine increases cerebrospinal fluid and plasma norepinephrine but not arginine vasopressin in humans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previous studies have demonstrated alpha 2-inhibitory regulation of central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic and arginine vasopressinergic systems. We tested the hypothesis that alpha 2-inhibition of CNS noradrenergic and vasopressinergic systems is tonic in nature by measuring the response of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) to the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine in 7 young normal male human subjects. We also evaluated the tonic nature of alpha 2-inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and of AVP release into plasma by measuring the response of plasma NE and plasma AVP to yohimbine. CSF NE was significantly higher following yohimbine as compared to placebo. In contrast CSF AVP did not differ between yohimbine and placebo conditions. Similarly, plasma NE was significantly higher following yohimbine as compared to placebo, while plasma AVP was unchanged. These results support a tonic alpha 2-inhibitory regulatory mechanism for both CNS noradrenergic systems and sympathetic outflow. Such tonic alpha 2-inhibition could not be demonstrated for regulation of AVP levels in CSF or plasma in humans. 相似文献
7.
Antipsychotic drugs and plasma vasopressin in normals and acute schizophrenic patients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M A Raskind N Courtney M M Murburg F I Backus J A Bokan R K Ries D M Dorsa R E Weitzman 《Neuropsychopharmacology》1987,22(4):453-462
Elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations have been documented in antipsychotic drug-treated patients as well as a drug-free acutely psychotic patients. To evaluate the effects of antipsychotic drugs on plasma vasopressin, we measured vasopressin response to a single dose of intramuscular chlorpromazine or intravenous haloperidol in normal individuals and to 2 weeks of oral antipsychotics in patients with acute schizophrenia. Neither intramuscular chlorpromazine nor intravenous haloperidol affected plasma vasopressin in normals, except in one subject who developed high plasma vasopressin concentrations coincident with marked hypotension following chlorpromazine. Prior to antipsychotics, two acute schizophrenia patients had elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations, which normalized during antipsychotic drug treatment. We conclude that antipsychotics do not directly stimulate vasopressin release, but may indirectly stimulate vasopressin release by well-described baroreceptor reflex mechanisms if hypotension occurs. Also, acute schizophrenia may be associated with increased plasma vasopressin levels in some patients. 相似文献
8.
Dorsa Rostampour Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari Milad Gholami 《Journal of clinical laboratory analysis》2022,36(3)
BackgroundInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Individuals with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy experience progressive loss of vision, mental skills and muscular control, and other variable clinical signs. Pathogenic variants in the PLA2G6 gene, encoding phospholipase A2, are recognized to be the fundamental reason for infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. This study aimed to detect pathogenic variant in a consanguine Iranian family with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.MethodsThe mutation screening was done by whole exome sequencing followed by direct Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe identified a homozygous insertion mutation, : c.1548_1549insCG (p.G517Rfs*29) in exon 10 of PLA2G6 in the patient. The parents were heterozygous for variant.ConclusionsBecause of the clinical heterogeneity and rarity of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, whole exome sequencing is critical to confirm the diagnosis and is an excellent tool for INAD management. NM_003560相似文献
9.
The influence of aging on the molecular forms of endorphins in the hypothalamus of rats was investigated. Extracts of individual hypothalami from 8- and 24-month-old male Fischer 344 rats were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. Eluate fractions were assayed for beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta E-LI) and gamma-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (gamma E-LI). Hypothalami from adult (8-month-old) rats contained predominantly beta-endorphin-1-31 with smaller amounts of beta-endorphin-1-27 and 1-26. Only 5% of the beta E-LI co-eluted with alpha-N-acetylated forms of beta-endorphin. In hypothalamic extracts from old rats more than 30% of the beta E-LI co-eluted with acetylated forms of beta-endorphin and over 35% of the beta E-LI co-eluted with acetylated or unacetylated beta-endorphin-1-26. The individual elution profiles of beta E-LI were also much more variable among the old rats than among the adult rats. More than 80% of the gamma E-LI from adult rat extracts co-eluted with gamma-endorphin (beta-endorphin-1-17) and less than 3% with alpha-N-acetyl-gamma-endorphin. In contrast, more than 35% of the gamma E-LI from old rat hypothalami was present in the acetylated form. These results suggest that significant alterations in post-translational processing of peptides may occur in neuropeptide systems during aging. 相似文献
10.
Vasopressin (AVP)-immunoreactive cells have been previously reported in the medial amygdala (AME) and in the locus coeruleus (LC). The present study was designed to verify the presence of AVP-synthesizing neurons in these areas using in situ hybridization histochemistry. A 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probe, complementary to the glycopeptide portion of the vasopressin-encoding mRNA, was used to label cells expressing the AVP gene in brain sections from male Wistar rats. AVP mRNA-positive cells were identified in the AME and were located throughout the anterodorsal and posterodorsal aspect of the nucleus. Cells in the LC, however, did not exhibit labelling for the glycopeptide portion of the AVP gene. The highest density of labelled cells in the medial amygdala occurred 2.30 to 2.80 mm caudal to bregma. The labelling intensity of the cells averaged 53.8 +/- 3.9 grains/cells and was constant throughout the rostro-caudal extent of the AME. These data demonstrate the presence of AVP-synthesizing cells in the AME and provide a method for quantifying their activity. In addition, these data suggest that the cells in the LC may not synthesize vasopressin. 相似文献