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1.
B. A. Johnson Donald R. Jasinski Gantt P. Galloway Henry Kranzler Robert Weinreib Raymond F. Anton Barbara J. Mason Michael J. Bohn Helen M. Pettinati Richard Rawson Christopher Clyde 《Psychopharmacology》1996,128(2):206-215
Four hundred and twenty-three alcohol dependent subjects were enrolled into a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
study to determine the safety and efficacy of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (2.5 mg/day or 5 mg/day), in reducing alcohol intake and craving. All subjects received 1
week of single-blind placebo prior to randomization into the 11-week double-blind phase. Additionally, all subjects received
weekly individual sessions of manual-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy. Comparing the single-blind period with endpoint,
there was approximately a 23% reduction in drinks/day; 34% fall in the total number of drinking days/week; 22% decrease in
drinks/drinking day; and a 37% diminution in alcohol craving for all treatment groups. All treatment groups experienced a
beneficial clinical outcome as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. There was, however, no significant difference
between treatment groups on any of these measures of alcohol drinking, craving, or clinical outcome. Subjects were of relatively
high social functioning at baseline, and this did not change significantly during treatment. Treatment groups did not differ
significantly on either medication compliance or reported adverse events. Ritanserin treatment was associated with a dose-related
prolongation of subjects’ QTc interval recording on the electrocardiogram. These results suggest that alcohol dependent subjects
can show marked clinical improvement within a structured alcohol treatment program. These findings do not support an important
role for ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Received: 30 April 1996/Final version: 3 July 1996 相似文献
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Calciphylaxis – a topical overview 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
G Arseculeratne† AT Evans‡ SM Morley† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2006,20(5):493-502
'Calciphylaxis', a calcification syndrome associated with ischaemic cutaneous necrosis, is acquired naturally in humans in disease states. It is a life and limb-threatening complication, usually observed in patients with renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism, but known to occur in the absence of renal or parathyroid disease. The reported mortality rate, which ranges from 60-80%, relates to wound infection, sepsis and organ failure. It is a small-vessel vasculopathy, which is estimated to occur in about 4% of haemodialysis patients. Clinically, violaceous, reticulate areas of cutaneous necrosis and eschar may be evident, particularly in the extremities. In addition to the clinical picture, a raised calcium phosphorous product, an elevated parathyroid hormone level, radiographic evidence of vessel and soft-tissue calcification and the finding of mural calcification affecting small arteries and arterioles on histopathology help to confirm the diagnosis of this entity which generally has a poor prognosis. A high index of suspicion and an active multidisciplinary management approach, with rigorous attention to wound care and prevention of sepsis, are vital in the management of these patients. In this overview, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features and associations, risk factors, diagnosis and management issues relating to calciphylaxis. 相似文献
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GABAergic Transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Involved in the Termination of Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Clyde W. Hodge Ann M. Chappelle Herman H. Samson 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1995,19(6):1486-1493
Long-Evans rats ( n = 12) were trained to lever-press on a fixed-ratio 4 schedule of reinforcement with ethanol (10% v/v) presented as the reinforcer. After implantation of bilateral stainless-steel guide cannulae aimed at the nucleus accumbens, site-specific microinjections of muscimol (1–30 ng) and bicuculline (1–10 ng) were tested for effects on ethanol-reinforced responding. Baseline response patterns were characterized by initial high rates that terminated abruptly after ∼20 min. Muscimol administration in the nucleus accumbens decreased the total number of ethanol-reinforced responses and obtained reinforcers. Bicuculline also decreased ethanol-reinforced responses and reinforcers at the highest dose tested. When a dose of bicuculline (1 ng) that was ineffective by itself was coadministered with an effective dose of muscimol (10 ng), the muscimol-induced decreases in responding were blocked. Analysis of response patterns showed that muscimol decreased ethanol self-administration by terminating responding, normally lasting 20 min, after ∼10 min with no changes in local response rate. Bicuculline decreased total responding by producing parallel, but nonsignificant, changes in time course and response rate. These data suggest that GABAergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens is involved in the termination, but not the onset or maintenance of ethanol self-administration. The specificity of this effect gives emphasis to the importance of measuring behavioral parameters, as well as products of behavior (such as intake volume) in the study of ethanol self-administration. 相似文献
8.
J W Clyde G A Wittert N L Gilchrist J G Turner R A Donald E A Espiner 《The New Zealand medical journal》1992,105(929):71-72
Bone mineral density was studied before, and at one year after successful parathyroidectomy in six postmenopausal, three premenopausal females and one male with primary hyperparathyroidism. Dual photon absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density at the lumbar spine in all subjects, and at three areas of the hip in eight of the subjects. There was no significant change in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine after one year. Bone mineral density increased 7.4% at the femoral neck from 0.822 (SEM 0.053) g/cm2 to 0.895 (0.04) g/cm2; p less than 0.01, 8.7% at Wards triangle from 0.681 (0.065) g/cm2 to 0.745 (0.07) g/cm2; p less than 0.02. A 5.6% increase at the trochanteric region from 0.785 (0.053) g/cm2 to 0.803 (0.053) g/cm2 was not significant. These results indicate that significant increases occur in bone mineral density at the hip, but not at the lumbar spine at one year after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 相似文献
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Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kelsell RE; Gregory-Evans K; Payne AM; Perrault I; Kaplan J; Yang RB; Garbers DL; Bird AC; Moore AT; Hunt DM 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(7):1179-1184
The dominant cone-rod dystrophy gene CORD6 has previously been mapped to
within an 8 cM interval on chromosome 17p12-p13. The retinal- specific
guanylate cyclase gene (RETGC-1), which maps to within this genetic
interval and previously was implicated in Leber's congenital amaurosis, was
screened for mutations within this family and in a panel of small families
and individuals with various cone and cone- rod dystrophy phenotypes. A
missense mutation (E837D) was identified in affected members of the CORD6
family, as well as a second missense mutation (R838C) in three other
families with dominant cone-rod dystrophy. RETGC-1 is only the fourth gene
to be implicated in cone-rod dystrophy and this is the first report of
dominant mutations in this gene.
相似文献