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1.
2.
G.D Burchard Guissé-Sow Diop Ly Lanuit Gryseels & Gressner 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》1998,3(3):234-241
Summary Four hundred and seventy villagers of Ndombo, a village with recently established intensive transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the Senegal River Basin, were enrolled in a study with the intention to assess hepatosplenic morbidity. All patients were examined parasitologically and by ultrasound. Hepatic fibrosis serum markers were determined in 153 adult patients (aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III, hyaluronan and laminin). By ultrasound, about 60% of the patients showed early stages of hepatic involvement, 3% of the patients unequivocally showed severe hepatosplenic pathology (grade 3 according to the Managil classification), whereas in another study performed in the same village 3 years earlier, no patients with severe hepatosplenic pathology had been found. No correlation between the aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III, hyaluronan or laminin and the ultrasound findings could be established. These hepatic fibrosis serum markers do not seem to be a sensitive method to detect early hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. 相似文献
3.
This paper describes the tragic case of a young woman who died of cancer of
the colon after successfully donating eggs to her younger sister. Although
there is no direct link between her operation and the subsequent
development of bowel carcinoma, this case imparts a feeling of unease when
seen in conjunction with other cases reported during the last few years. It
is a reminder that little is known of the long-term consequences of some
aspects of assisted conception. Women undergoing ovarian stimulation for
themselves or a matched recipient have the right to be advised, in an
agreed format, that there is some concern about unproven potential risks
from the stimulatory drugs. The safety of egg donors must assume priority
over all other considerations, including lack of donors or any moral
position. The recent decision by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology
Authority (HFEA) to withdraw any form of payment or recompense to egg
donors does not seem to us to be based on a balance of scientific advances,
patient needs and the ethics of gamete supply. They state that the
intention to withdraw payments was implicit in the 1990 Human Fertilisation
and Embryology (HFE) Act. However the Act was based on the Warnock report
made 6 years earlier. Even in 1990 ovum donation was uncommon and fertility
drugs had not yet caused any unease. The Act provided the HFEA with
discretionary powers to issue directions so that the future policies would
be consistent with any emerging new medical evidence. It is imperative that
the HFEA provide convincing evidence on how the current policy of payment
to donors harms society, donors or recipients, and how in the UK the new
policy will improve medical practice in assisted conception. Successful
pilot studies must precede the implementation of any new policy. Failure to
do this could cause irreversible harm to the practice of assisted
conception using donor gametes, which will ultimately be against the basic
aims of the 1990 HFE Act.
相似文献
4.
Ralf Hanselmann Walther Burchard Rolf Lemmes Dieter Schwengers 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1995,196(7):2259-2275
Ten DEAE (2-(diethylamino)ethyl) dextran samples were investigated by means of static and dynamic light scattering, viscometry and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) in combination with on-line small-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and viscometry (VISC). In dilute solution the behavior of DEAE-dextran was compared with that of unsubstituted dextran and the molecular weight M dependences of the radius of gyration Rg, hydrodynamic radius Rh, intrinsic viscosity [η], second virial coefficient A2 and z-average diffusion coefficient D z were determined. The relationships for DEAE-dextran dissolved in a 0,8 molar sodium nitrate solution were nearly the same as for dextran dissolved in water with 0,05 wt.-% sodium azide and gave the same exponents. The molecular weight dependence of the intrinsic viscosity cannot be described by a Kuhn-Mark-Houwink relationship with a constant exponent. The slope in the plot of log [η] versus log M decreases with increasing molecular weight which indicates the occurrence of branching. By means of SEC/LALLS/VISC measurements the molecular weight distributions were determined. The distributions were calculated (1) directly from the light scattering signal, (2) from a calibration line obtained by light scattering data of a DEAE-dextran sample with a broad distribution and (3) from the intrinsic viscosity distribution obtained by the on-line viscosity/refractive index detector in combination with the [η]-M relationship. In order to get the correct molecular-weight dependence of the intrinsic viscosity it is necessary to determine the molecular weight distribution directly by LALLS (technique 1) and to combine this with the appropriate intrinsic viscosity data from the viscometer. Only the third technique, which is an extension of technique 1, gave satisfactory results over the whole molecular weight region observed. 相似文献
5.
Individualized care is a total system of care that is tailored to a child with severely maladjusted behavior. The services are unconditional, flexible, child and family focused, and interagency coordinated. The services follow the child until the child is adjusting in a normalized, mainstream environment. Individualized care is illustrated through two different projects. One is the Alaska Youth Initiative where individualized care was used to return children from out-of-state, residential programs. The other is Project Wraparound where it was used to prevent children from being removed from their families. This paper begins with the principles of individualized care and then describes the ecological, multilevel assessment process that coincides with the delivery of services. A case example from Project Wraparound is provided for clarification. Following the case example is a discussion of the need for evaluation data with some suggested strategies for documenting effectiveness. The final section focuses on two barriers to the implementation of individualized care. One is the tendency to think in terms of component programs rather than individualized services. The other barrier is the competition for scarce resources. Strategies are presented for overcoming both barriers. 相似文献
6.
Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson's disease: a New England-based case control study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Taylor CA Saint-Hilaire MH Cupples LA Thomas CA Burchard AE Feldman RG Myers RH 《American journal of medical genetics》1999,88(6):742-749
Controversy persists about the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pesticides, herbicides, well-water consumption, head injury, and a family history of PD have been reported as risk factors for PD. The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate the impact of environmental factors on PD risk (2) estimate the chronology, frequency, and duration of those exposures associated with PD; and (3) investigate the effects of family history on PD risk. One-hundred and forty PD cases were recruited from Boston University Medical Center. The control group was composed of 147 friends and in-laws of PD patients. Environmental, medical, and family history data were obtained by structured interview from each participant for events recalled prior to PD onset for cases, or corresponding censoring age for controls (mean age = 56 years of age for each group). A traditional stratified analysis, adjusting for birth cohort and sex, was employed. Four factors were associated with increased risk for PD: (1) head injury (OR=6.23, confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-15.07); (2) family history of PD (OR=6.08, CI: 2.35-15. 58); (3) family history of tremor (OR=3.97, CI: 1.17-13.50); and (4) history of depression (OR=3.01, CI: 1.32-6.88). A mean latency of 36. 5 (SE=2.81) years passed between the age of first reported head injury and PD onset. A mean latency of 22 (SE=2.66) years passed between the onset of the first reported symptoms of depression and onset of PD. Years of education, smoking, and well-water intake were inversely associated with PD risk. PD was not associated with exposure to pesticides or herbicides. These findings support the role of both environmental and genetic factors in the etiology in PD. The results are consistent with a multifactorial model. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:742-749, 1999. 相似文献
7.
Anne EG Lenferink Joanne Magoon Christiane Cantin Maureen D O'Connor-McCourt 《Breast cancer research : BCR》2004,6(5):R514
Introduction
This report describes the isolation and characterization of three new murine mammary epithelial cell lines derived from mammary tumors from MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)/activated Neu + TβRII-AS (transforming growth factor [TGF]-β type II receptor antisense RNA) bigenic mice (BRI-JM01 and BRI-JM05 cell lines) and MMTV/activated Neu transgenic mice (BRI-JM04 cell line). 相似文献8.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the antibody response to influenza vaccine of children vertically infected with HIV. DESIGN: Prospective study in HIV infected children vaccinated during the winter of 1994-5. SETTING: Family HIV clinic at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. SUBJECTS: 25 children, aged 1-11 years, vertically infected with HIV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to influenza antigens (H1N1-A/Taiwan/1/86, H3N2-A/Shandong/9/93, B/Panama/45/ 90) were tested by haemagglutination inhibition. Antibody responses were assessed according to clinical symptoms and immune function, stratified according to the 1994 revised classification for HIV infection in children. RESULTS: 23 children (92%) had either very low or no detectable antibody before vaccination. New protective antibody responses were made by 10 children (40%): in seven to a single antigen, in two to two antigens, and in one to all three antigens. For each antigen there was an overall small increase in the mean geometric titre of antibody produced, but this only reached a protective level for antigen H1N1 and for children with minimal symptoms. Less symptomatic children were significantly more likely to produce a protective antibody response to influenza vaccination. No association was found between immune function, as measured by CD4 count, and vaccine response. CONCLUSIONS: Only vaccination of the least symptomatic HIV infected children against influenza is likely to be effective. This will not only protect them against influenza, but will also protect other more immunosuppressed and vulnerable members of their families. 相似文献
9.
10.
ST13 polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid‐treated asthmatic children and young adults
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S. J. H. Vijverberg E. S. Koster R. Tavendale M. Leusink L. Koenderman J. A. M. Raaijmakers D. S. Postma G. H. Koppelman S. W. Turner S. Mukhopadhyay S. M. Tse K. G. Tantisira D. B. Hawcutt B. Francis M. Pirmohamed M. Pino‐Yanes C. Eng E. G. Burchard C. N. A. Palmer A. H. Maitland‐van der Zee 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2015,45(6):1051-1059