Zur Toxikologie der Stilbene

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Women''s Health and the Practice of Public Health Nurses in Northern British Columbia

This study explored women's health and the practice of public health nurses in northern British Columbia using a phenomenological methodology. Ten public health nurses in northern British Columbia were interviewed to determine their perspectives on their practice in the area of women's health. Findings reveal three central themes: women's health, public health nursing practice, and rural context. Several subthemes elaborate on the central themes. Women's health is described in terms of women's health needs, how women stay healthy in northern communities, and conditions that affect women's health. Public health nursing practice is described in terms of activities, strengths, conditions, and ways to strengthen practice. Definitions of rural context are provided and some of the benefits and challenges of living and working in northern communities are presented. Health promotion and illness and injury prevention needs of women are clearly evident in the findings. Public health nurses are well placed in the North to help women meet their health care needs. However, further attention to women's health needs and the expansion of public health nursing services would facilitate improved health for women who live in isolated northern settings. In addition, further research is needed to explicate women's health and public health nursing practice in isolated northern settings in Canada.     

Gender differences in use and availability of home and community-based services for people with dementia.

The purpose was to examine the use and availability of home and community-based services by men and women with dementia using data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey. Variables of interest were based on the Andersen and Newman model and included predisposing, enabling, need, and use of health service variables, perceived unmet health and home care needs, and availability of home and community-based health services.Women reported better health and received more supportive care yet had more unmet home care needs than men.Thus, the caregivers of men with dementia (often their wives) were particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes, as their care recipients had poorer health yet received fewer services. These gender differences should be considered when policies and programs are developed, the needs of care recipients and caregivers are assessed, and services are provided.     

Pattern electroretinogram: Effects of miosis,accommodation, and defocus

The effect of miosis, lens accommodation, and defocusing on the various components of the pattern electroretinogram elicited by checkerboard reversal was investigated by employing aperture stops of different size, varying the mean luminance of the target, and inserting spherical lenses of various optical diopters in front of the eye.After topical administration of pilocarpine (1%) the following changes in the pattern electroretinogram were observed: (i) a decrease of the pupillary diameter leading to a lowered target luminance, which produced attenuation of PERG amplitudes and prolonged latencies, and (ii) defocusing by accommodation of the crystalline lens, which produced attenuation of PERG amplitudes no effect on latencies.     

International Perspective: ISSUES FOR NURSES IN RURAL AND REMOTE CANADA

ABSTRACT: Canada is a vast country with great diversity in its landscape, industry, culture and communities. The healthcare issues and concerns of people living in rural and remote areas are as fully diverse as the people and the landscape. This article describes the context of rural and remote nursing practice in Canada and discusses issues of health status and the social determinants of health, geographical isolation, professional isolation and cultural safety. It concludes with current initiatives in practice, education, research and policy. Particular issues facing nurses in rural and remote First Nations communities are highlighted.     

Pattern ERGs and VEP topography evoked by lateral eccentric pattern reversal stimulation

In ten healthy subjects we recorded simultaneously pattern-ERGs and multichannel VEPs evoked by checkerboard reversal stimuli presented in the center, and at three different locations on the nasal and temporal retina. In the near periphery significantly larger pattern-ERG amplitudes were found for the nasal retina. Farther out in the periphery this effect reversed, and stimuli presented to the temporal retina yielded larger pattern-ERG amplitudes. Component latencies showed also differences with larger latencies for nasal than temporal retinal stimuli in the near periphery. In addition, pattern-ERG amplitudes increased with check size while peak latencies decreased. Retinal stimulus location had a significant influence on the VEP topography reflected by potential distributions lateralized over occipital scalp areas contralateral to the hemiretina stimulated. There were no differences between VEP activity evoked by nasal or temporal retinal stimuli. The results relate to differences in local retinal organization reflected by the distribution of photoreceptors and other neural elements across the retina as well as to functional differences in visual information processing between different retinal areas.     

Cerebral blood flow during increased subarachnoid pressure

Summary In rhesus monkeys and cats cerebral intracranial pressure was increased by intracranial fluid injection. Increased liquor pressure was transferred to the superficial cerebral veins, which caused a reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure. An arterial pressure response occurred as soon as the perfusion pressure was less than 100 mm Hg. The pressure increase was dependent on the percent rate of perfusion pressure decrease in relation to the systemic arterial pressure. Carotid flow measured in monkeys showed a slight reduction as long as the perfusion pressure was higher than 50 mm Hg but was marked when it fell below that value. The systemic arterial pressure had a significant influence on cerebral vessel resistance independent from the perfusion pressure. During increased intracranial pressure the cerebral blood volume seemed to be moderately decreased.