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排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
S Lakhey R L Pradhan M Bishwakarma S Pradhan S Pradhanaga B K Pandey K P Rijal 《Kathmandu University Medical Journal》2006,4(3):316-318
Introduction: Internal fixation of diaphyseal fracture of shaft of femur in an adult by Kuntscher nail is the most common operative method of treatment in Nepal where operative facilities for the same exist. Since the complete range of K-nail sizes and length are not available in most operation theatres in Nepal, most orthopaedic surgeons assess the size and length of the K-nail pre-operatively by various methods and keep one size above and below the assessed length for the planned surgery. Materials and Methods: The following measurements were taken in five hundred people involved in the study: Measurement No. 1: Tip of the greater trochanter to lateral knee joint line minus 2cms. Measurement No. 2: Tip of the olecranon process to the tip of little finger, and Measurement No. 3: Tip of the greater trochanter to the upper pole of patella. An average of all three lengths were analysed to see if there were any differences in their mean lengths. Results: Analysis showed that there were significant differences between the mean lengths measured by the three different methods. The average length of measurement no: 2 was 3 cm longer than the average length of measurement no: 1, which is the reference pre-operative length of K.nail. Conclusion: However, in practice since measurement no:2 is more convenient to perform and can also be used when the patient has sustained bilateral fractures of femur, an accurate pre-operative K-nail length assessment can be done by subtracting 3 cm from measurement no:2, i.e. the tip of the olecranon process to the tip of the little finger. 相似文献
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Barsha Dassarma Satyajit Tripathy Motlalepula Matsabisa 《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2021,28(1):123-127
Since December 2019, the human populations of the 195 global countries continue experiencing grave health and life threats due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the novelty of the pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at present there is lack of preventive as well as therapeutic options for treating and managing the infection. The use of ancient immunotherapeutic technique – the convalescent plasma (CP) therapy, may act as an immediate and available option to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides a concept and understanding on the CP therapy, its potential to control SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The CP therapy might act as an immediate saviour for society from the virus. Although the CP therapy has exert affirmative result against COVID-19 it has not been recommended for long time use in COVID-19 and this review gives support for its possible application. 相似文献
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Kuan-Ying A. Huang Pramila Rijal Lisa Schimanski Timothy J. Powell Tzou-Yien Lin John W. McCauley Rodney S. Daniels Alain R. Townsend 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2015,125(7):2631-2645
The selective pressure that drives antigenic changes in influenza viruses is thought to
originate from the human immune response. Here, we have characterized the B cell
repertoire from a previously vaccinated donor whose serum had reduced neutralizing
activity against the recently evolved clade 6B H1N1pdm09 viruses. While the response was
markedly polyclonal, 88% of clones failed to recognize clade 6B viruses; however, the
ability to neutralize A/USSR/90/1977 influenza, to which the donor would have been exposed
in childhood, was retained. In vitro selection of virus variants with representative
monoclonal antibodies revealed that a single amino acid replacement at residue K163 in the
Sa antigenic site, which is characteristic of the clade 6B viruses, was responsible for
resistance to neutralization by multiple monoclonal antibodies and the donor serum. The
K163 residue lies in a part of a conserved surface that is common to the hemagglutinins of
the 1977 and 2009 H1N1 viruses. Vaccination with the 2009 hemagglutinin induced an
antibody response tightly focused on this common surface that is capable of selecting
current antigenic drift variants in H1N1pdm09 influenza viruses. Moreover, amino acid
replacement at K163 was not highlighted by standard ferret antisera. Human monoclonal
antibodies may be a useful adjunct to ferret antisera for detecting antigenic drift in
influenza viruses. 相似文献
5.
S. Hendrickx G. Boulet A. Mondelaers J. C. Dujardin S. Rijal L. Lachaud P. Cos P. Delputte L. Maes 《Parasitology research》2014,113(5):1875-1881
Although widespread resistance of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum against miltefosine (MIL) and paromomycin (PMM) has not yet been demonstrated, both run the risk of resistance selection. Unraveling the dynamics and mechanisms of resistance development is key to preserve drug efficacy in the field. In this study, resistance against PMM and MIL was experimentally selected in vitro in intracellular amastigotes of several strains of both species with different antimony susceptibility background. To monitor amastigote susceptibility, microscopic determination of IC50-values and promastigote back-transformation assays were performed. Both techniques were also used to evaluate the susceptibility of field isolates from MIL-relapse patients. PMM-resistance could readily be selected in all species/strains, although promastigotes remained fully PMM-susceptible. Successful MIL-resistance selection was demonstrated only by promastigote back-transformation at increasing MIL-concentrations upon successive selection cycles. Important to note is that amastigotes with the MIL-resistant phenotype could not be visualized after Giemsa staining; hence, MIL-IC50-values showed no shift. The same phenomenon was observed in a set of recent clinical isolates from MIL-relapse patients. This study clearly endorses the need to use intracellular amastigotes for PMM- and MIL-susceptibility testing. When monitoring MIL-resistance, promastigote back-transformation should be used instead of the standard Giemsa staining. In-depth exploration of the mechanistic background of this finding is warranted. 相似文献
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The scaphoid is the common carpal bone to be fractured. Proper clinical and radiological evaluation is required to establish it's diagnosis. The management of acute fractures includes conservative treatment with cast in minimally displaced to open reduction and internal fixation in case of displaced ones. The established nonunion requires open reduction, bone grafting and internal fixation. 相似文献
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A knowledge‐based cybernetic framework model representing the dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 inside the human body has been studied analytically and in silico to explore the pathophysiologic regulations. The following modeling methodology was developed as a platform to introduce a predictive tool supporting a therapeutic approach to Covid‐19 disease. A time‐dependent nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations model was constructed involving type‐I cells, type‐II cells, SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, inflammatory mediators, interleukins along with host pulmonary gas exchange rate, thermostat control, and mean pressure difference. This formalism introduced about 17 unknown parameters. Estimating these unknown parameters requires a mathematical association with the in vivo sparse data and the dynamic sensitivities of the model. The cybernetic model can simulate a dynamic response to the reduced pulmonary alveolar gas exchange rate, thermostat control, and mean pressure difference under a very critical condition based on equilibrium (steady state) values of the inflammatory mediators and system parameters. In silico analysis of the current cybernetical approach with system dynamical modeling can provide an intellectual framework to help experimentalists identify more active therapeutic approaches. 相似文献
10.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may predispose metabolic diseases in later life. Changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) may explain this metabolic risk. This review studied the effect of IUGR on body composition in early infancy. Five databases and included studies from all countries published from 2000 until August 2021 were searched. Participants were IUGR or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, and the primary outcomes were FFM and FM. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which seven were included in the meta-analysis of primary outcomes. Overall, intrauterine growth-restricted and SGA infants were lighter and shorter than normal intrauterine growth and appropriate-for-gestational age infants, respectively, from birth to the latest follow up. They had lower FFM [mean difference −429.19 (p = 0.02)] and FM [mean difference −282.9 (p < 0.001)]. The issue of whether lower FFM and FM as reasons for future metabolic risk in IUGR infants is intriguing which could be explored in further research with longer follow-up. This review, the first of its kind can be useful for developing nutrition targeted interventions for IUGR infants in future. 相似文献