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Yasmine Yousef Etienne St-Louis Robert Baird Emily R. Smith Elena Guadagno Dickens St-Vil Dan Poenaru 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(4):831-837
Background
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted global surgical need but offered little insight into the specific surgical challenges of children in low-resource settings. Efforts to strengthen the quality of global pediatric surgical care have resulted in a proliferation of partnerships between low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Standardized tools able to reliably measure gaps in delivery and quality of care are important aids for these partnerships. We undertook a systematic review (SR) of capacity assessment tools (CATs) focused on needs assessment in pediatric surgery.Methods
A comprehensive search strategy of multiple electronic databases was conducted per PRISMA guidelines without linguistic or temporal restrictions. CATs were selected according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Articles were assessed by two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of studies was appraised using the COSMIN checklist with 4-point scale.Results
The search strategy generated 16,641 original publications, of which three CATs were deemed eligible. Eligible tools were either excessively detailed or oversimplified. None used weighted scores to identify finer granularity between institutions. No CATs comprehensively included measures of resources, outcomes, accessibility/impact and training.Discussion
The results of this study identify the need for a CAT capable of objectively measuring key aspects of surgical capacity and performance in a weighted tool designed for pediatric surgical centers in LMICs.Type of Study
Systematic Review.Level of Evidence
II. 相似文献3.
The initial management of bladder outflow obstruction typically related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) falls to a large extent within the remit of general practice. Referral onwards to secondary care typically arises following the failure to respond to conservative measures or when complications have supervened; the most significant of which is urinary retention. In the hospital setting, anaesthesia, constipation and immobility are the common precipitants. What follows is a practical guide to the management of these situations and provides an overview of the conservative, medical, minimally invasive and surgical treatments available. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal procedures through tubular exposures have been described. However, tubes restrain visibility and require co-axial instrument manipulation, increasing difficulty and potentially compromising surgical results. An independent-blade retractor system overcomes the obstacles of working through a tube and has been used to perform minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented tranforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). PURPOSE: To evaluate the advantages to patient recovery and surgical efficacy of this technique. METHODS/RESULTS: Retrospective review of technique employing a minimally-disruptive approach to decompression and transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented TLIF can be performed in a safe and effective manner using an independent-blade retractor system. Relative to traditional-open techniques, surgical goals can be accomplished, but with the benefits of minimally-disruptive surgery. 相似文献
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D G Omdal D E Baird B S Burton W W Goodhue Jr E M Giddens 《AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology》1997,18(5):977
We describe a myelolipoma of the thoracic spine in a patient with gradual and progressive myelopathy. MR imaging showed this predominately fatty lesion to be extradural in location. 相似文献
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Previous studies from this Laboratory have revealed few significant age-related changes in either hepatic microsomal cytochrome
P450 content or NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity, prompting the suggestion that the nearly ubiquitous age-associated decline in the hepatic metabolism
of xenobiotics by the mixed-function oxidases is a result of alterations in the lipid matrix in which the macromolecular components
are organized. In order to examine this postulate, the membrane microenvironment surrounding hepatic microsomal cytochrome
P450 was enzymatically digested with snake venom phospholipase A2, and the kinetics of conversion of cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420 determined for preparations obtained from rats of varying age. There were no significant differences in the kinetics of conversion
of cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420, suggesting that there are no significant age-related changes in the lipid microenvironment immediately adjacent to cytochrome
P450. However, there was a slight difference, independent of age, in the rate of conversion of cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420 between smooth and rough microsomes. The results are discussed in terms of general experimental approaches toward understanding
drug metabolism in senescent organisms. 相似文献
10.
As part of a detailed study of limb defects and associated patterns of congenital malformations, cases with lower limb deficiencies were analysed separately. We identified a total of 130 cases with deficiencies of the lower limbs without defects of the upper limbs. This gives an incidence of 1.07/10,000 livebirths, or 1/9,337 for this group of limb defects. Most common were femur deficiencies and deficiencies of the foot. A preponderance of males was found in the group of transverse defects of the leg (fibula/tibia deficiencies) and central axis deficiencies, while females had significantly more often longitudinal tibia defects and preaxial ray defects. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献