师范大学学生艾滋病知识现况调查及健康教育近期效果评价

目的 了解师范大学学生艾滋病相关知识及行为现状，为高校制定艾滋病健康教育规划提供参考。方法 抽取天津师范大学2000年入学新生，通过集体讲座，使用统一的调查问卷在教育前后分别调查学生艾滋病相关知识及态度，并利用EPIinf0软件进行分析。结果 天津师范大学一年级学生健康教育后对艾滋病性质、主要传播途径等的正确回答率都有所提高，能够正确对待艾滋病病毒感染者，教育前后学生对性行为的态度无明显改变。学生希望获得艾滋病知识的前4位方式均为电视、报刊书籍、卫生课和医生。结论 从国情和现实需要出发，在大学生中开展适时、适度、适量的性健康教育和健康行为教育，对预防性病艾滋病有着积极的意义。     

儿童呼吸道卡他莫拉菌感染的防治

目的探讨卡他莫拉菌感染的初步防治.方法对2001年11月～2003年3月间,在金昌市区3家医院门诊及住院的6岁以下儿童,有呼吸道感染症状者,采集咽部分泌物及痰进行培养,观察并总结其呼吸道卡他莫拉菌感染的情况及临床特点.结果从呼吸道感染病人标本中培养出420株菌.其中,卡他莫拉菌128例,占30.5%,位于第1位,此菌感染多见于体质差的3岁以下儿童,以下呼吸道感染为多见,旦临床表现重,普遍对β-内酰胺类药物耐药.结论积极防治儿童营养性疾病,合理应用抗生素,对3岁以内儿童呼吸系统感染,临床表现重的应及时采集咽部分泌物及痰进行培养,一旦培养出卡他莫拉菌,就应选特效的β-内酰胺酶稳定剂药物治疗.     

体育院校学生200例头胸导联与常规导联右胸心电图比较

目的探讨头胸(HC)导联右胸心电图在右心病变化的临床应用价值.方法对200例17～20岁体育院校健康学生的HC导联与常规导联右胸心电图检测结果进行比较分析研究.结果HC导联的P、QRS、T波振幅均明显大于常规导联,且HC导联的QRS形态在右胸多呈正向,有R波逐渐递增,S波逐渐递减的规律,T波多数正向高尖,而常规导联的QRS的形态多数为负向,且振幅小,ST段等电位人数多,且抬高的比下移的多.结论 HC导联在反映在右室的电位变化方向优于常规导联.T波高尖的占40%,反映了体育院校的学生的生理性心肌肥厚,是心室复极的表现.     

两种噪声强度测定法用于噪声作业岗位卫生学评价的比较

目的　探讨两种不同方法对工作场所的噪声强度进行测定的效果 ,为噪声作业岗位的卫生学评价提供科学依据。方法　选择有噪声作业的 3个场所 ,且噪声是不连续、非稳态噪声 ,分别用瞬时测定方法和等效连续A声级测定方法对噪声强度进行测定。结果　用瞬时测定方法测得 3个工作场所A、B、C的噪声强度分别是 89 6dB(A)、95 3dB(A)和 92 7dB(A) ,3个工作场所的噪声强度都超过国家职业卫生标准。用等效连续A声级方法测得 3个工作场所的噪声强度分别是 83 8dB(A)、92 5dB(A)和 88 7dB(A) ,根据国家职业卫生标准 ,工作场所A噪声强度未超标 ,工作场所B、C噪声强度超标。结论　对于不连续、非稳态噪声 ,用等效连续A声级方法测定噪声强度比瞬时测定方法更科学合理 ,更客观反映劳动者接触噪声的实际情况     

Feasibility,benefits and challenges of using telemonitoring for the aging with Developmental Disabilities (DD): An exploratory study

Telemonitoring is being increasingly used to provide services to patients with developmental disabilities in residential community settings. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility, benefits and challenges of using telemonitoring for aging patients with developmental disabilities. We also assess the benefits and challenges of telemonitoring for the caregivers of these patients. Focus groups and questionnaire-based surveys were used to collect data from patients and caregivers. The study found that telemonitoring was feasible and beneficial for the aging with developmental disabilities, albeit for those who are moderate to high functioning. It was not beneficial or feasible for those with very low functional capabilities. The study found that telemonitoring was beneficial towards providing more independence, more self-confidence in carrying out daily activities, and more knowledge regarding their disease. The study also found that telemonitoring was useful for caregivers to better understand their patients and their needs, better coordinate the services delivered, and to enhance the satisfaction of caregiving. The discussions include limitations of using quantitative methods in this type of setting.     

Cross‐linkers and the Dentin Matrix

The formation of a hybrid layer is essential for successful dentin bonding and is achieved by adhesive penetration between exposed collagen fibrils in the demineralized dentin. Incomplete infiltration of the adhesive within the collagen network results in exposed fibrils, which may suffer enzymatic degradation over time. Methods to increase collagen resistance to proteinases (enzymes that degrade proteins) have been studied. One particular approach is to use collagen cross‐linking agents that modify collagen through addition of specific or random amino acid linkage between and within its molecules. This Critical Appraisal provides information on the effects of various cross‐linkers on dentin collagen stability, dentin properties, and resin–dentin bond strengths, and calls for critical thinking on the potential effects of this therapeutic approach.     

An examination of drug craving over time in abstinent methamphetamine users

Craving for addictive drugs may predict relapse in abstinent addicts. To assess relationships between craving and use, we examined changes in craving for methamphetamine (MA) in a sample of 865 outpatients in a multisite 16-week MA-treatment study. Craving was assessed on a 0-100 scale, and MA use was assessed by self-report and confirmed by urinalysis. We hypothesized that the magnitude of craving would decline (decay) with increased time of abstinence, and that decay would be greater for more frequent MA users, and greater for intravenous (IV) users and smokers as compared to those who used MA intranasally. Craving declined significantly as the number of weeks of consecutive abstinence increased. Rate of decay was greater for IV users and smokers as compared to both intranasal users and oral users, but not for more frequent users of MA. Rate of decay was independent of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The trajectory to 0 (no) craving was 1 week shorter for females than males because females had significantly lower pretreatment craving scores compared to males. This study confirms that the sooner MA-dependent people are able to quit using and the longer that they are able to stay abstinent, the more likely it is that their craving for MA will decrease over time.     

盐酸纳洛酮注射液治疗突发性耳聋疗效观察

目的 探讨盐酸纳洛酮注射液治疗突发性耳聋的疗效。方法 选取消24例（25耳）患者用纳洛酮静脉滴注治疗（3d为1疗程。可重复使用），对照组选取21例（23耳）患者用扩血管药物治疗。结果 纳洛酮治疗组有效率为88%。其中治愈率为68%。而扩血管药物治疗有效率与治愈率依次为61%及21%。结论 纳洛酮注射液治疗突发性耳聋，方法简单，安全有效。值得临床推广。     

中西医结合方案治疗中风病人便秘的调查

目的 减少中风病人便秘的发生.促进疾病的康复.方法 对中风后便秘的340例病人采用中西医结合方案进行治疗,并进行回顾性总结.结果 使48%的患者完全解除了便秘,35%的患者有了明显的改善.14%的患者症状减轻.总有效率达98%以上.结论 中西医结合方案能有效地解决中风病人的便秘问题,减轻病人的痛苦.