高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学谭力周继红罗楠袁倚盛（南京军区南京总医院中心仪器分析科，南京２１０００１）阿莫西林（ａｍｏｘｉｃｉｌｉｎ）为β内酰胺类抗生素，其抗菌谱广，口服受食物影响小，对大多数病人耐受性良好，因而在临床上得以广泛...     

抗胆碱药3-(2-苯基-2-环戊基-2-羟基-乙氧基)奎宁环烷的立体化学和构效关系

研究了强效抗胆碱药dl-3-(2-苯基-2-环戊基-2-羟基-乙氧基)-奎宁环烷的四个光学异构体的两种不对称合成方法,用HPLC检测了异构体含量,讨论了构效关系。     

功能性消化不良的突出症状与临床特征及病理生理学机制的关系

背景与目的：功能性消化不良（FD）被认为是一类由不同病理生理原因导致的多种机能紊乱而促发的症状。Rome Ⅱ委员会建议将具有同种病理生理学及临床特征的FD患划分为感觉明显疼痛组和感觉不适组两个亚组。该研究旨在分析显疼痛或感觉不适与病理生理学机制间的关系，评价是否考虑到个体的显性症状将会产生更好的结果。方法：持续性FD患（n=720；489例女性；年龄41．3±0．6岁）填写消化不良调查问卷并确定出最令人烦恼的症状。分析此显症状在人口统计学、临床、病理生理学特点上的相互联系（研究592例患幽门螺杆菌感染、胃排空情况，对332例患行胃敏感性、顺应性试验）。结果：根据Rome Ⅱ标准，22％疼痛明显，78％不适感明显。疼痛明显的患超敏性的发生率较高（44％ vs 25％），且在这些病例中观察到的胃排空迟缓较少出现（16％ vs 26％），但是有较多的重叠。详细分析表明可能有8种消化不良症状其中之一较为突出。     

Clonidine, administered intracerebroventricularly in mice, produces an anti-analgesic effect which may be mediated spinally by dynorphin A (1-17)

Clonidine, administered intracerebroventricularly, was shown to have two actions in the tail-flick test in mice: an overt anti-analgesic and a latent analgesic effect. The anti-analgesic effect was demonstrated by antagonism of the antinociceptive response to morphine, administered intrathecally. This anti-analgesic effect was attenuated by naloxone and nor-binaltorphimine, given intrathecally. Given intracerebroventricularly by itself, clonidine had no antinociceptive effect; however, the administration of naloxone and nor-binaltorphimine intrathecally uncovered the latent antinociceptive action of clonidine given intracerebroventricularly. This sensitivity to the opioid antagonists, given intrathecally, indicated that an endogenous anti-analgesic opioid might mediate the actions of clonidine at the spinal level. The putative opioid was postulated to be dynorphin A (1-17). Analgesia induced by intrathecally administered morphine was attenuated by the intrathecal administration of dynorphin A (1-17) at doses of less than 10 pg (5 fmol). This action of dynorphin was blocked by naloxone (5 fg, 0.014 fmol) and nor-binaltorphimine (10 ng, 12.3 pmol) at doses which did not block mu and kappa receptors in the spinal cord. The authors propose that clonidine, given intracerebroventricularly, activates an anti-analgesic system which descends spinally and is mediated by dynorphin A (1-17) in the spinal cord. This anti-analgesic effect of dynorphin A (1-17) appears to be a new function for dynorphin A (1-17).     

苯丙胺诱发小鼠激怒反应及其机制

苯丙胺15mg/kg ip能诱发小鼠激怒反应,使小鼠出现攻击和殴斗行为。强安定药、弱安定药和利血平有明显拮抗效果。镇静剂如巴比妥类、抗胆碱药及抗肾上腺素药均无拮抗作用。金刚胺、左旋多巴和阿扑吗啡均能增强苯丙胺的激怒效应。因苯丙胺激怒小鼠的方法简便易行,可作为筛选抗精神病药的动物模型。苯丙胺产生激怒作用的机制与增强多巴胺能神经的功能有关,推测可能是促进边缘系统多巴胺释放的结果。