Effect of abdominal massage on feeding intolerance among premature baby with mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care unit in indonesia

BackgroundFeeding intolerance in premature infants is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system which is aggravated by the installation of mechanical ventilation. The impact of premature babies is delaying enteral nutrition, NEC, the risk due to parenteral nutrition and the high cost of care. Abdominal massage is one of the recommended actions to prevent it.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the effect of abdominal massage on feeding intolerance in premature infants with mechanical ventilation in the NICU.MethodsThis study was conducted using quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The study was conducted on 34 premature infants, 17 groups who did abdominal massage and 17 as a control group. Feeding intolerance is determined by the presence of one or more symptoms such as increased gastric residue, abdominal distension and frequency of vomiting observed on the first (pre) and fifth (post) days. Abdominal massage is carried out twice a day for 15 min in a 5 day period. Data can be seen the difference on the first day and the last day.ResultsThe results showed a decrease in average gastric residue difference of 0.65 cc and abdominal distension of 0.59 cm in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Whereas in the control group gastric residue increased 3.59 cc and abdominal distension 1.88 cm (p < 0.05). The mean difference in vomiting frequency decreased in both groups, a decrease of 0.118 in the intervention group and 0.18 in the control group (p = 0.63). There was a significant difference in the occurrence of feeding intolerance between groups after the intervention (p = 0.05), where the incidence of feeding intolerance did not increase (0%) in the intervention group, while the control group increased by 9 (52.9%) respondents. There was a significant contribution to the confounding factor of the type of mechanical ventilation in the amount of gastric residue after the intervention (p = 0.02).ConclusionThere is an effect of abdominal massage on the incidence of feeding inolerance in premature infants with mechanical ventilation, so researchers recommend SPO abdominal massage to be considered as a treatment for intolerance feeding in premature infants with mechanical ventilation in the NICU.     

Regulation of blood pressure and glucose metabolism induced by L-tryptophan in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

Background

Amino acids have been reported to act as modulators of various regulatory processes and to provide new therapeutic applications for either the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of single oral dose administration and a continuous treatment of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) on the regulation of blood pressure and glucose metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).

Methods

First, male 9-week-old SHRSP were administered 100 mg L-Trp·kg^-1 body weight in saline to the L-Trp group and 0.9% saline to the control group via a gastric tube as a single oral dose of L-Trp. Second, three groups of SHRSP were fed an AIN-93M-based diet supplemented with L-tryptophan (L-Trp) (0, 200, or 1000 mg·kg^-1 diet) for 3 weeks as continuous treatment of L-Trp.

Results

Single oral dose administration of L-Trp improved blood pressure, blood glucose, and insulin levels. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and insulin levels improved significantly in the L-Trp treatment groups. The administration of L-Trp also significantly increased plasma nitric oxide and serotonin levels.

Conclusion

L-Trp by both single oral dose administration and continuous treatment improves glucose metabolism and blood pressure in SHRSP.     

Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats,Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets

Southeast Asia is considered a global hotspot of emerging zoonotic diseases. There, wildlife is commonly traded under poor sanitary conditions in open markets; these markets have been considered ‘the perfect storm’ for zoonotic disease transmission. We assessed the potential of wildlife trade in spreading viral diseases by quantifying the number of wild animals of four mammalian orders (Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora and Primates) on sale in 14 Indonesian wildlife markets and identifying zoonotic viruses potentially hosted by these animals. We constructed a network analysis to visualize the animals that are traded alongside each other that may carry similar viruses. We recorded 6725 wild animals of at least 15 species on sale. Cities and markets with larger human population and number of stalls, respectively, offered more individuals for sale. Eight out of 15 animal taxa recorded are hosts of 17 zoonotic virus species, nine of which can infect more than one species as a host. The network analysis showed that long-tailed macaque has the greatest potential for spreading viral diseases, since it is simultaneously the most traded species, sold in 13/14 markets, and a potential host for nine viruses. It is traded alongside pig-tailed macaques in three markets, with which it shares six viruses in common (Cowpox, Dengue, Hepatitis E, Herpes B, Simian foamy, and Simian retrovirus type D). Short-nosed fruit bats and large flying foxes are potential hosts of Nipah virus and are also sold in large quantities in 10/14 markets. This study highlights the need for better surveillance and sanitary conditions to avoid the negative health impacts of unregulated wildlife markets.     

Neuro-otology symptoms as the early sign in pediatric patient with a pineal gland tumor: a case report

Patients with pineal tumors are often asymptomatic and the symptoms depend on the location of the mass. In fact, around 3%-8% of pediatric brain tumor cases are pineal tumors. Children with pineal tumors may present with dizziness and vertigo as early signs. These symptoms are common conditions among 5-15 years old children and could probably lead to misdiagnoses. We present a case of 14-year-old who came to the emergency room of DR. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya with neurotologic symptoms. After a series of radiographic and laboratory examinations, he was diagnosed with germinoma. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in the emergency room and intravenous dexamethasone was administered.     

The Driselase-treated fraction of rice bran is a more effective dietary factor to improve hypertension, glucose and lipid metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to ferulic acid

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with the Driselase-treated fraction (DF) of rice bran and ferulic acid (FA) on hypertension and glucose and lipid metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Male SHRSP at 4 weeks of age were divided into three groups, and for 8 weeks were fed (1) a control diet based on AIN-93M, (2) a DF of rice bran-supplemented diet at 60 g/kg and (3) an FA-supplemented diet at 0.01 g/kg. Means and standard errors were calculated and the data were tested by one-way ANOVA followed by a least significance difference test. The results showed that both the DF and FA diets significantly improved hypertension as well as glucose tolerance, plasma nitric oxide (NOx), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and other parameters. In particular, compared to the FA diet, the DF diet produced a significant improvement in urinary NOx, hepatic triacylglycerol and several mRNA expressions of metabolic parameters involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms. The results of the metabolic syndrome-related parameters obtained from this study suggest that the DF diet is more effective than the FA diet.     

Fermented Rice Bran Supplementation Prevents the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis Due to DSS-Induced Inflammation in Mice

Fermented rice bran (FRB) is known to protect mice intestines against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammation; however, the restoration of post-colitis intestinal homeostasis using FRB supplementation is currently undocumented. In this study, we observed the effects of dietary FRB supplementation on intestinal restoration and the development of fibrosis after DSS-induced colitis. DSS (1.5%) was introduced in the drinking water of mice for 5 days. Eight mice were sacrificed immediately after the DSS treatment ended. The remaining mice were divided into three groups, comprising the following diets: control, 10% rice bran (RB), and 10% FRB-supplemented. Diet treatment was continued for 2 weeks, after which half the population of mice from each group was sacrificed. The experiment was continued for another 3 weeks before the remaining mice were sacrificed. FRB supplementation could reduce the general observation of colitis and production of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines. FRB also increased intestinal mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, tight junction, and anti-microbial proteins. Furthermore, FRB supplementation suppressed markers of intestinal fibrosis. This effect might have been achieved via the canonical Smad2/3 activation and the non-canonical pathway of Tgf-β activity. These results suggest that FRB may be an alternative therapeutic agent against inflammation-induced intestinal fibrosis.